Proteins & Structure

Question 1

Methyl

Answer 1

CH3 (what is this called)

Question 2

Hydroxyl group (alcohol group)

Answer 2

OH (what is this called)

Question 3

Carbonyl (keto group)

Answer 3

C=O

Question 4

Aldehyde

Answer 4

CHO (what is this called)

Question 5

Carboxylic acid (carboxyl)

Answer 5

COOH (what is this called)

Question 6

Amino (amine)

Answer 6

NH2 (what is this called)

Question 7

Central Dogma

Answer 7

DNA -transcribe> RNA -Translate> Protein

Question 8

Amphpipathic

Answer 8

Both polar and non-polar characteristics

Question 9

Boiling (disrupts)

Answer 9

All non-covalent bonds (disrupted by)

Question 10

Low pH (disrupts by protonating side chains)

High pH (disrupts by deprotonating side chains)

Answer 10

Ionic bonds (disrupted by)

Question 11

Urea (disrupts)

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonds (disrupted by)

Question 12

BME (disrupts)

Answer 12

Covalent/disulfide bonds (disrupted by)

Question 13

Non-polar

Answer 13

Polarity: C and H only

Question 14

Polar Uncharged

Answer 14

Polarity:
OH
or
NH2 and C=O

Question 15

Polar charged +

Answer 15

Polarity: NH2

Question 16

Polar charged -

Answer 16

Polarity: COOH

Question 17

Special case: Cysteine

Answer 17

Polarity special case?: POLAR; Covalent “disulfide” bonds can form between two -S-S-

Question 18

Polarity special case: Glycine

Answer 18

Polarity special case?: Not chiral; non-polar, but not hydrophobic

Question 19

Special case: Proline

Answer 19

Polarity special case?: R-group covalently bonded to backbone N! Restricts flexibility of backbone (“helix breaker”)

Question 20

Primary (1*)

Answer 20

Amino acid sequence (structure)
Covalent “peptide” bonds

Question 21

Alpha-helix
Secondary (2*)

Answer 21

IntrAmolecular H-bonds (same molecule)

Hydrogen bonds between functional groups in polypeptide backbones

Question 22

Beta-sheet
Secondary (2*)

Answer 22

Intermolecular H-bonds between different polypeptides

IntrAmolecular H-bonds between different segments of same polypeptide

Structure resulting from hydrogen bonding between functional groups on polypeptide backbone

Question 23

Tertiary (3*)

Answer 23

Complete 3D structure of polypeptide including R-group interactions

All kinds of bonds!

Question 24

Quaternary (4*)

Answer 24

Same interactions as tertiary (all bonds!)

B-sheets between two different folded polypeptides

Question 25

Amino acids (orientation)

Answer 25

Levo (L) (left)