proteins in the blood

Question 1

what is the difference between plasma and serum

Answer 1

serum does not contain fibrinogen (so it does not have coagulation factors)

Question 2

what are the two serum proteins

Answer 2

albumin and globulin

Question 3

what is the role of albumin

Answer 3

maintains plasma oncotic pressure
transports substances in blood
negative acute phase protein

Question 4

what does hyperalbuminemia indicate

Answer 4

dehydration

glucocorticoid drugs

Question 5

what does hypoalbuminemia indicate

Answer 5

decreased albumin synthesis (inflammaition, hepatic insufficiency, malabsorption)
increased albumin loss (blood loss, PLE)

Question 6

what is the role of globulins

Answer 6

immunoglobulins are used for immune defence and are transporters for movement of nutrients etc

Question 7

what does hyperglobinemia indicate

Answer 7

inflammation
haemoconcentration
B lymphocytic neoplasia/multiple myeloma

Question 8

what does polyclonal gammapathy look like and indicate

Answer 8

wide peak,

indicates inflammation

Question 9

what does monoclonal gammapathy look like and indicate

Answer 9

sharp, tall peak

indicated multiple myeloma

Question 10

what test do you run to find out what type of globulin you have

Answer 10

serum protein electrophoresis

Question 11

diagnosis of multiple myeloma

Answer 11

at least two of the following

1. radiographic evidence
2. > 20% plasma cells in bone marrow aspirate
3. monoclonal gammopathy on serum protein electrophoresis
4. bence-jones proteinuria

Question 12

what does hypoglobinemia indicate

Answer 12

inherited/acquired immune deficinecy

Question 13

fibrinogen

Answer 13

positive acute phase protein importent in clotting

Question 14

what are the plasma protein: fibrinogen ratios in cattle

Answer 14

>15 = dehydration 
<10 = inflammation

Question 15

what are the plasma protein: fibrinogen ratios in horse

Answer 15

>20 = dehydration 
<15 = inflammation

Question 16

acute phase proteins

Answer 16

increased production in respone to inflammation/infection

Question 17

physiology of acute phase response

Answer 17

activated macrophages release inflammatory cytokines which increase od decrease synthesis of acute phase proteins

Question 18

what is the goal of acute phase response

Answer 18

damage control

control inflammation/infection until the acquired immunity kicks in (T lymphocytes)

Question 19

negative acute phase protein

Answer 19

decreased production in response to inflammation.infection

albumin