Acid base Flashcards
what is the aninon gap
the difference between the measured serum cation concentrations and the measured serum anion concentrations
what does increased Ag usually mean
increased unmeasured anions = metabolic acidosis
what does decreased AG usually mean
decreased unmeasured anions such as albumin
** does not give any relevant information
if the anion gap is increased then ……
bicarbonate must be decreased
normal sodium high chloride means
secretory acidosis, hypercholermic metabolic acidosis
normal sodium, low chloride means
metabolic alkalosis
normal sodium, normal chloride, low bicarbonate means
anion gap should be high
what controls the amount of acid or base lost in the urine
kidneys
how foes the GI tract affect acid base balance
vomiting = loss of acid diarrhea = loss of base
lungs are responsible for regulating CO2 concentrations. More CO2 in the blood means
more acidic pH
causes of metabolic acidosis
HCO3 loss: diarrhea, renal loss
acid gain: diarrhea, accumulation of organic acids
metabolic alklaosis causes
prolonged comiting, abomasal disorders, upper GI obstructions
causes of resporatory acidosis
hypoventilation, pulmonary disease, intrathoriacic lesions
causes of respiratory alklaosis
hyperventilation, pain, stress, overheating
metabolic acidosis
HCO3 and pH are decreased
