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CC 1 LEC > PROTEINS: Blood Proteins > Flashcards

PROTEINS: Blood Proteins Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

Prealbumin transports ______

A

retinol

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2
Q

high prealbumin levels can be caused by the ff

A

steroids
chronic renal failure
alcohol

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3
Q

low prealbumin levels can be caused by

A

hepatic damage
acute phase inflammatory response
tissue necrosis

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4
Q

major plasma protein ______

A

albumin

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5
Q

functions of albumin

A

Buffer
effective binder
regulates oncotic pressure
transports FAs, Fe, thyroid hormones

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6
Q

albumin transports

A

FAs
iron
thyroid hormones

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7
Q

Plasma protein that assists in immune functions

A

globulin

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8
Q

α1-antitrypsin function

A

inhibits the protease trypsin (neutrophil elastase)

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9
Q

low levels of α1-antitrypsin can cause

A

emphysema or infantile hepatitis

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10
Q

makes up 90% of the alpha region: detected in the absence of alpha globulin band in electrophoresis

A

α1-antitrypsin

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11
Q

SERPINA1 is related to

A

α1-antitrypsin

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12
Q

SERPINA1 is found in

A

chromosome 14

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13
Q

principal fetal protein

A

α1-fetoprotein (AFP)

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14
Q

increase α1-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in adult indicates

A

hepatocellular tumor

gonadal tumors

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15
Q

increased α1-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in fetus/infants indicates

A

(A-SHNAFTy)

ataxia telangiectasia
spina bifida
HDN
neural tube defects
atresia of GI
fetal distress
tyrosinosis
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16
Q

decreased α1-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in fetus/infants indicates

A

Down syndrome

Edwards syndrome

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17
Q

α 1-acid glycoprotein (Orosomucoid) has a pI of

A

2.7

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18
Q

in acidic environment α 1-acid glycoprotein (Orosomucoid) has a charge of

A

negatively charged

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19
Q

α 1-acid glycoprotein is elevated when

A

(SCRAP TICS)

stress
cancer
RA
AMI
pneumonia
tissue damage
inflammation
cell proliferation
surgery
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20
Q

α 1-antichymotrypsin is a member of ________ inhibitor (serpin) family

A

serine proteinase

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21
Q

α 1-antichymotrypsin targets

A

(ChaMP-C)

cathepsin G
mast cell chynase
pancreatic elastase
chymotrypsin

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22
Q

α 1-antichymotrypsin is elevated during

A

inflammation

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23
Q

α 1-antichymotrypsin is decreased during

A

asthma

liver disease

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24
Q

α 1-antichymotrypsin is mutated in patients with

A

COPD
Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease

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25
Inter- α-trypsin Inhibitor (ITI) is a member of
serine protease inhibitor family
26
Inter- α-trypsin Inhibitor inhibits
trypsin chymotrypsin plasmin
27
Inter- α-trypsin Inhibitor is elevated in
inflammation
28
A Group-Specific Component; Vitamin D-Binding Protein
Gc-globulin
29
A major carrier protein of Vitamin D
Gc-globulin
30
Gc-globulin also transports
Fas | endotoxin
31
Gc-globulin is decreased in
liver disease | CHON losing syndromes
32
Gc-globulin is elevated in
pregnancy (3rd tri) | pxs taking oral estrogen
33
Haptoglobin binds and transports
free hemoglobin
34
Haptoglobin is increased in
burns inflammation nephrotic syndrome
35
Haptoglobin is decreased in
HDN IV hemolysis mechanical breakdown of RC (athletic trauma)
36
copper transport protein (90%)
Ceruloplasmin
37
Ceruloplasmin decreased in
Wilson’s disease
38
Ceruloplasmin in Cornea
Kayser Fleischer rings
39
Ceruloplasmin in deposited in
(SLaB) skin liver brain
40
Ceruloplasmin is increased in
copper toxicity
41
____% of copper is bound to albumin
10
42
one of the largest proteins in plasma
α2-macroglobulin (A2M or AMG)
43
major component of alpha 2 band in protein electrophoresis
α2-macroglobulin (A2M or AMG)
44
α2-macroglobulin (A2M or AMG) inhibits proteases such as
trypsin thrombin kallikrein plasmin
45
α2-macroglobulin (A2M or AMG) elevated in
``` nephrotic syndrome DM liver disease use of contraceptive pregnancy ```
46
Largest major non-immunoglobulin protein in plasma=725,000 daltons
α2-macroglobulin (A2M or AMG)
47
major component of β-globulin
Transferrin (Siderophilin)
48
Transferrin (Siderophilin) increased in
IDA
49
Transferrin (Siderophilin) decreased in
(MILK-MI) ``` malnutrition inflammation liver disease kidney loss malignancy infection ```
50
iron deposition or iron overload
Hemosiderosis
51
transports iron (2:1) to storage sites, and to cells
Transferrin (Siderophilin)
52
An autosomal recessive disorder; absence of transferrin
Atransferrinemia
53
removes circulating heme, ferriheme, porphyrin
Hemopexin
54
Hemopexin is elevated:
(DDaMP) DM Duchenne type (Muscular Dystrophy) malignancies like melanoma pregnancy
55
Hemopexin is decreased in
hemolytic disorders | administration of diphenhydramine
56
A B-globulin
Hemopexin
57
Types of Lipoproteins
Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL
58
migrates between albumin and α-1-globulin zone
HDL
59
migrates at the beginning of β-globulin(pre-β)
VLDL
60
appear as a separate band in the β-globulin region
LDL
61
β2-Microglobulin (B2M) is elevated in
(H2iO) HIV impaired kidney clearance inflammatory diseases (RA, SLE) overproduction
62
found in the surface of most nucleated cells and high in lymphocytes
β2-Microglobulin (B2M)
63
Light chain component of the major histocompatibility complex (HLA)
β2-Microglobulin (B2M)
64
one of the natural defense mechanisms against infections
Complement
65
Complement is elevated during
inflammatory diseases
66
Complement is decreased in
malnutrition | hemolytic anemia
67
most abundant complement protein in human serum
C3
68
C3 is decreased in
(BANT-C) ``` bacteremia autoimmune disease neonatal distress syndrome tissue injury chronic hepatitis ```
69
second most abundant complement protein in human serum
C4
70
C4 is decreased in
``` (SAD-C) SLE acute glomerular nephritis disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) chronic hepatitis ```
71
responsible for fibrin clot
Fibrinogen
72
only protein found in plasma and not in serum
Fibrinogen
73
Methods for fibrinogen level detection:
Parfentjev | Howe’s Method
74
In Parfentjev method fibrinogen is ppted. with
(NH4)2SO4 and NaCl
75
Howe’s Method fibrinogen is ppted. with
CaCl2
76
Howe’s Method fibrinogen is and assayed using
Kjeldahl method.
77
Normal value for fibrinogen
200-400 mg/dL or2.0-4.0 g/L
78
Specimen for fibrinogen
citrated plasma
79
Distinct band between B and gamma globulins in plasma electrophoresis but not in serum electrophoresis
Fibrinogen
80
composed of two heavy chains and two light chains
Immunoglobulins
81
Not produced in the liver but by white blood cells known as B-cells
Immunoglobulins
82
Immunoglobulins first to appear upon antigenic stimulation; pentamer
IgM
83
Immunoglobulins 2nd; can cross placenta; act on bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles by agglutination, opsonization, by activating complement, and by neutralizing toxins
IgG
84
Immunoglobulins mucus secretions (tears, saliva, colostrum, vaginal fluid, and GI secretions)
IgA
85
Immunoglobulins 4th highest concentration is serum
IgD
86
Immunoglobulins allergic and anaphylactic reactions
IgE
87
Oxygen carrying protein found in striated skeletal and cardiac muscles
Myoglobin
88
For calcium binding to trigger production of muscular force
Troponin (cTn)
89
Found in highest concentration in the left ventricular myocardium; also found in atrial tissue & right ventricle
Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
90
Cell adhesion, tissue differentiation, growth, and wound ventricle
Fibronectin
91
Inversely correlated with BMI
Adiponectin
92
Proteolytic fragments of collagen I formed during bone resorption
Cross-linked C-telopeptides
93
Cysteine protease inhibitor
Cystatin C
94
Insoluble fibrous protein; stains with Congo red
Amyloid
95
Prostaglandin D synthase
B-Trace protein

CC 1 LEC (2 decks)

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