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CC 1 LEC > PROTEINS: Blood Proteins > Flashcards

PROTEINS: Blood Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

Prealbumin transports ______

A

retinol

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2
Q

high prealbumin levels can be caused by the ff

A

steroids
chronic renal failure
alcohol

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3
Q

low prealbumin levels can be caused by

A

hepatic damage
acute phase inflammatory response
tissue necrosis

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4
Q

major plasma protein ______

A

albumin

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5
Q

functions of albumin

A

Buffer
effective binder
regulates oncotic pressure
transports FAs, Fe, thyroid hormones

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6
Q

albumin transports

A

FAs
iron
thyroid hormones

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7
Q

Plasma protein that assists in immune functions

A

globulin

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8
Q

α1-antitrypsin function

A

inhibits the protease trypsin (neutrophil elastase)

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9
Q

low levels of α1-antitrypsin can cause

A

emphysema or infantile hepatitis

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10
Q

makes up 90% of the alpha region: detected in the absence of alpha globulin band in electrophoresis

A

α1-antitrypsin

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11
Q

SERPINA1 is related to

A

α1-antitrypsin

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12
Q

SERPINA1 is found in

A

chromosome 14

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13
Q

principal fetal protein

A

α1-fetoprotein (AFP)

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14
Q

increase α1-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in adult indicates

A

hepatocellular tumor

gonadal tumors

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15
Q

increased α1-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in fetus/infants indicates

A

(A-SHNAFTy)

ataxia telangiectasia
spina bifida
HDN
neural tube defects
atresia of GI
fetal distress
tyrosinosis
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16
Q

decreased α1-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in fetus/infants indicates

A

Down syndrome

Edwards syndrome

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17
Q

α 1-acid glycoprotein (Orosomucoid) has a pI of

A

2.7

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18
Q

in acidic environment α 1-acid glycoprotein (Orosomucoid) has a charge of

A

negatively charged

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19
Q

α 1-acid glycoprotein is elevated when

A

(SCRAP TICS)

stress
cancer
RA
AMI
pneumonia
tissue damage
inflammation
cell proliferation
surgery
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20
Q

α 1-antichymotrypsin is a member of ________ inhibitor (serpin) family

A

serine proteinase

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21
Q

α 1-antichymotrypsin targets

A

(ChaMP-C)

cathepsin G
mast cell chynase
pancreatic elastase
chymotrypsin

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22
Q

α 1-antichymotrypsin is elevated during

A

inflammation

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23
Q

α 1-antichymotrypsin is decreased during

A

asthma

liver disease

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24
Q

α 1-antichymotrypsin is mutated in patients with

A

COPD
Alzheimer’s disease
Parkinson’s disease

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25
Q

Inter- α-trypsin Inhibitor (ITI) is a member of

A

serine protease inhibitor family

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26
Q

Inter- α-trypsin Inhibitor inhibits

A

trypsin
chymotrypsin
plasmin

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27
Q

Inter- α-trypsin Inhibitor is elevated in

A

inflammation

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28
Q

A Group-Specific Component; Vitamin D-Binding Protein

A

Gc-globulin

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29
Q

A major carrier protein of Vitamin D

A

Gc-globulin

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30
Q

Gc-globulin also transports

A

Fas

endotoxin

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31
Q

Gc-globulin is decreased in

A

liver disease

CHON losing syndromes

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32
Q

Gc-globulin is elevated in

A

pregnancy (3rd tri)

pxs taking oral estrogen

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33
Q

Haptoglobin binds and transports

A

free hemoglobin

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34
Q

Haptoglobin is increased in

A

burns
inflammation
nephrotic syndrome

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35
Q

Haptoglobin is decreased in

A

HDN
IV hemolysis
mechanical breakdown of RC (athletic trauma)

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36
Q

copper transport protein (90%)

A

Ceruloplasmin

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37
Q

Ceruloplasmin decreased in

A

Wilson’s disease

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38
Q

Ceruloplasmin in Cornea

A

Kayser Fleischer rings

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39
Q

Ceruloplasmin in deposited in

A

(SLaB)

skin
liver
brain

40
Q

Ceruloplasmin is increased in

A

copper toxicity

41
Q

____% of copper is bound to albumin

A

10

42
Q

one of the largest proteins in plasma

A

α2-macroglobulin (A2M or AMG)

43
Q

major component of alpha 2 band in protein electrophoresis

A

α2-macroglobulin (A2M or AMG)

44
Q

α2-macroglobulin (A2M or AMG) inhibits proteases such as

A

trypsin
thrombin
kallikrein
plasmin

45
Q

α2-macroglobulin (A2M or AMG) elevated in

A 
nephrotic syndrome
DM
liver disease
use of contraceptive
pregnancy
46
Q

Largest major non-immunoglobulin protein in plasma=725,000 daltons

A

α2-macroglobulin (A2M or AMG)

47
Q

major component of β-globulin

A

Transferrin (Siderophilin)

48
Q

Transferrin (Siderophilin) increased in

A

IDA

49
Q

Transferrin (Siderophilin) decreased in

A

(MILK-MI)

malnutrition
inflammation
liver disease
kidney loss
malignancy
infection
50
Q

iron deposition or iron overload

A

Hemosiderosis

51
Q

transports iron (2:1) to storage sites, and to cells

A

Transferrin (Siderophilin)

52
Q

An autosomal recessive disorder; absence of transferrin

A

Atransferrinemia

53
Q

removes circulating heme, ferriheme, porphyrin

A

Hemopexin

54
Q

Hemopexin is elevated:

A

(DDaMP)

DM
Duchenne type (Muscular Dystrophy)
malignancies like melanoma
pregnancy

55
Q

Hemopexin is decreased in

A

hemolytic disorders

administration of diphenhydramine

56
Q

A B-globulin

A

Hemopexin

57
Q

Types of Lipoproteins

A

Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL

58
Q

migrates between albumin and α-1-globulin zone

A

HDL

59
Q

migrates at the beginning of β-globulin(pre-β)

A

VLDL

60
Q

appear as a separate band in the β-globulin region

A

LDL

61
Q

β2-Microglobulin (B2M) is elevated in

A

(H2iO)

HIV
impaired kidney clearance
inflammatory diseases (RA, SLE)
overproduction

62
Q

found in the surface of most nucleated cells and high in lymphocytes

A

β2-Microglobulin (B2M)

63
Q

Light chain component of the major histocompatibility complex (HLA)

A

β2-Microglobulin (B2M)

64
Q

one of the natural defense mechanisms against infections

A

Complement

65
Q

Complement is elevated during

A

inflammatory diseases

66
Q

Complement is decreased in

A

malnutrition

hemolytic anemia

67
Q

most abundant complement protein in human serum

A

C3

68
Q

C3 is decreased in

A

(BANT-C)

bacteremia
autoimmune disease
neonatal distress syndrome
tissue injury
chronic hepatitis
69
Q

second most abundant complement protein in human serum

A

C4

70
Q

C4 is decreased in

A 
(SAD-C)
SLE
acute glomerular nephritis
disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
chronic hepatitis
71
Q

responsible for fibrin clot

A

Fibrinogen

72
Q

only protein found in plasma and not in serum

A

Fibrinogen

73
Q

Methods for fibrinogen level detection:

A

Parfentjev

Howe’s Method

74
Q

In Parfentjev method fibrinogen is ppted. with

A

(NH4)2SO4 and NaCl

75
Q

Howe’s Method fibrinogen is ppted. with

A

CaCl2

76
Q

Howe’s Method fibrinogen is and assayed using

A

Kjeldahl method.

77
Q

Normal value for fibrinogen

A

200-400 mg/dL or2.0-4.0 g/L

78
Q

Specimen for fibrinogen

A

citrated plasma

79
Q

Distinct band between B and gamma globulins in plasma electrophoresis but not in serum electrophoresis

A

Fibrinogen

80
Q

composed of two heavy chains and two light chains

A

Immunoglobulins

81
Q

Not produced in the liver but by white blood cells known as B-cells

A

Immunoglobulins

82
Q

Immunoglobulins first to appear upon antigenic stimulation; pentamer

A

IgM

83
Q

Immunoglobulins 2nd; can cross placenta; act on bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles by agglutination, opsonization, by activating complement, and by neutralizing toxins

A

IgG

84
Q

Immunoglobulins mucus secretions (tears, saliva, colostrum, vaginal fluid, and GI secretions)

A

IgA

85
Q

Immunoglobulins 4th highest concentration is serum

A

IgD

86
Q

Immunoglobulins allergic and anaphylactic reactions

A

IgE

87
Q

Oxygen carrying protein found in striated skeletal and cardiac muscles

A

Myoglobin

88
Q

For calcium binding to trigger production of muscular force

A

Troponin (cTn)

89
Q

Found in highest concentration in the left ventricular myocardium; also found in atrial tissue & right ventricle

A

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)

90
Q

Cell adhesion, tissue differentiation, growth, and wound ventricle

A

Fibronectin

91
Q

Inversely correlated with BMI

A

Adiponectin

92
Q

Proteolytic fragments of collagen I formed during bone resorption

A

Cross-linked C-telopeptides

93
Q

Cysteine protease inhibitor

A

Cystatin C

94
Q

Insoluble fibrous protein; stains with Congo red

A

Amyloid

95
Q

Prostaglandin D synthase

A

B-Trace protein

CC 1 LEC (2 decks)

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