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BL1101 Chemistry in Biology > Proteins and Nucleic acids > Flashcards

Proteins and Nucleic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

what are examples of structural proteins?

A

keratin and collagen

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2
Q

what are contrile and motor proteins?

A

movement e.g. cilia and flagella

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3
Q

what are amino acids made up of ?

A

variable side chains (R groups|)
NH2 group
COOH group
all attached to a CH

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4
Q

what is an example of a hydrophobic amino acid?

A

alanine

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5
Q

what is an example of a hydrophilic amino acid?

A

cystesine

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6
Q

what is an example of an acidic amino acid?

A

aspartic acid

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7
Q

what is an example of a basic amino acid?

A

lysine

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8
Q

how are amino acids attached together?

A

covalent bonds formed through a dehydration reaction

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9
Q

how is the nature of a polypeptide determined?

A

the sequence of side chains and how the molecule folds

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10
Q

what does the function of a protein depend on?

A

the proteins ability to recognize and bind to other molecules

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11
Q

what are the 4 levels of protein structure?

A

primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary

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12
Q

what is the primary stage of protein structure?

A

the sequence of the amino acid chain

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13
Q

what is the secondary stage of protein structure|?

A

local folding of the polypeptide into alpha helices or beta pleated sheets

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14
Q

what is the tertiary stage of protein structure?

A

when the chain folds into a 3D shape due to its side chain interactions

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15
Q

what is the quaternary stage of protein strucutre?

A

when two or more chains join together

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16
Q

what is an example of protein misfolding?

A

sickle cell disease

17
Q

how can protein structure be affected?

A

physical and chemical env. e.g. denaturation

18
Q

what causes protein denaturation?

A

salt conc., pH and temp altering H-bonds and Van der Waals forces.

19
Q

what is the central dogma of molecular biology?

A

DNA - RNA - protein = gene expression

20
Q

what is unique about DNA?

A

is can direct its own replication

21
Q

what are nucleic acids?

A

polynucleotides

22
Q

what are Nitrogenous bases?

A

when N takes up H+ from the solution

23
Q

what are pryimidines?

A

nitrogenous bases C,T and U

24
Q

what are purines?

A

nitrogenous bases A and G

25
Q

how are polynucleotides formed?

A

dehydration of nucleotide monomers into phosphodiester links

26
Q

what is DNA?

A

a polynucleotide

27
Q

what is a phosphodiester link?

A

the link between nucleotides that links the sugars of two nucleotides creating a repeating sugar-phosphate backbone

28
Q

what does the study of bioinformatics cover?

A

evolution
proteomics
paleontology
medical sciences

BL1101 Chemistry in Biology (5 decks)

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