proteins and enzymes

Question 1

what is the monomer of protein?

Answer 1

amino acid

Question 2

what two general structures are part of an amino acid?

Answer 2

carbonyl group C=C-O-H and amine group H-N-H

Question 3

what is formed when two amino acids join together?

Answer 3

dipeptide

Question 4

what is the R group in an amino acid?

Answer 4

the variable group responsible for unique properties

Question 5

how are polypeptides formed?

Answer 5

condensation reaction

Question 6

when does the reverse reaction happen?

Answer 6

digestion

Question 7

what is primary structure?

Answer 7

the sequence of amino acids that make up a polypeptide chain

Question 8

what are the two secondary structures?

Answer 8

alpha helix (hydrogen bonds cause it to coil) and beta pleated sheet

Question 9

what is tertiary structure?

Answer 9

the structure is coiled or folded more and more hydrogen and ionic bonds form. disulphide bridges also form between cysteine. if a proteins made from a single polypeptide chain tertiary structure is their final 3D structure

Question 10

what is quaternary structure?

Answer 10

some proteins are made from several polypeptide chains held together by bonds and the quaternary structure is the way they’re assembled together.

Question 11

how would you test for protein?

Answer 11

test solution needs to be alkaline so add a few drops of sodium hydroxide solution then add copper sulfate solution. positive = purple negative = blue

Question 12

what are some functions of proteins?

Answer 12

enzymes, antibodies, transport proteins and structural proteins

Question 13

what is known as a successful collision?

Answer 13

the enzyme and substrate collide and the substrate temporarily binds to the active site

Question 14

what is formed after a successful collision?

Answer 14

the enzyme substrate complex

Question 15

wha is activation energy?

Answer 15

the energy required to start the reaction

Question 16

what is a competitive inhibitor?

Answer 16

a molecule that has a similar shape to the substrate which means it can fit in the active site and stop the reaction

Question 17

what is a non competitive inhibitor?

Answer 17

it binds to another area of an enzyme altering the tertiary structure and changing the active sites shape so the substrate can’t fit

Question 18

what is the area the non competitive inhibitor binds to called?

Answer 18

the allosteric site

Question 19

what five factors affect enzyme controlled reactions?

Answer 19

temperature, pH, substrate concentration, enzyme concentrations conc of inhibitors