carbohydrates Flashcards
what is a monomer?
small units that join together to form larger molecules
what are some examples of monomers?
monosaccharides (flicks, fructose, galactose), amino acids, nucleotides
what is a monomer?
molecules formed when many monomers join together
what are some examples of polymers?
polysaccharides (cellulose starch glycogen), proteins, DNA, RNA
what happens in a condensation reaction?
a chemical bond forms between 2 molecules and a molecule of water is produced
what happens in a hydrolysis reaction?
a water molecule is used to break a chemical bond between two molecules
what are the three hexose monosaccharides?
glucose fructose and galactose (C6H12O6)
what type of bond forms when monosaccharides react?
1,4 or 1,6 glycosidic bond
name three disaccharides
maltose, sucrose, lactose
what monomer is each disaccharide made from?
maltose = glucose and glucose, sucrose = glucose and fructose, lactose = glucose and galactose
describe the structure and functions of starch?
storage molecule in plants, made of amylose and amylopectin, insoluble, large, amylose has 1,4 glycosidic bonds, helix shape with intermolecular hydrogen bonds so it’s compact, amylopectin has 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds and it’s branched = lord of terminal glucose molecules to hydrolyse quickly
describe the function and structure of glycogen?
main storage molecule of alpha glucose in animals, 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds, highly branches = terminal ends to hydrolyse, insoluble, compact
describe the structure and functions of cellulose
cell wall in plants, beta glucose, 1,4 glycosidic bonds, straight chain, alternate glucose molecules are flipped, hydrogen bond cross links between parallel strands make it very strong
what is the benedict’s test for reducing sugars?
add equal volume of benedict’s reagent to a sample, heat in a water bath at 100°c for 5 minutes,’positive result is any colour change but strong positive is blue to brick red
what is the benedicts test for non reducing sugars?
if you get a negative results, add 1cm^3 of HCL to the sample and heat in a boiling water bath for 5 minutes, neutralise it using sodium carbonate solution and then continue like usual
