Proteins

Question 1

Proteins are made of what?

Answer 1

Long chains of amino acids.

Question 2

What feature of proteins allows certain molecules to fit into certain proteins?

Answer 2

The long chains of amino acids are folded into specific shapes.

Question 3

Proteins can act as:

Answer 3

Structural components for tissues.
Hormones.
Antibodies.
Catalysts.

Question 4

Catalysts do what to a reaction?

Answer 4

Increase the rate of reaction.

Question 5

Biological catalysts are known as…

Answer 5

…enzymes.

Question 6

Enzymes are what type of substance?

Answer 6

Proteins.

Question 7

An enzymes shape is vital for…

Answer 7

…its function.

Question 8

High temperatures change what about an enzyme?

Answer 8

Its shape. This is known as the enzyme denaturing as it is a permanent change.

Question 9

pH can do what to an enzyme?

Answer 9

Denature it.

Question 10

Factors that can cause an enzyme to denature:

Answer 10

Temperature.

pH.

Question 11

Enzymes in the gut are specialised to do what?

Answer 11

Breakdown large food molecules into smaller food molecules.

Question 12

Amylase is produced where?

Answer 12

In the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.

Question 13

Amylase does what?

Answer 13

Breaks down starch into sugar in the mouth and small intestine.

Question 14

Protease is produced where?

Answer 14

In the stomach, pancreas and small intestine.

Question 15

Protease does what?

Answer 15

Catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine.

Question 16

Lipase does what?

Answer 16

Catalyses the break down fats (lipids) into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine.

Question 17

Lipase is produced where?

Answer 17

In the pancreas and small intestine.

Question 18

Bile is produced where?

Answer 18

The liver.

Question 19

Bile is stored where?

Answer 19

The gall blander.

Question 20

Bile is released where?

Answer 20

The small intestine.

Question 21

Bile does what in the small intestine?

Answer 21

Neutralises the acidic food from the stomach to provide alkali conditions for the enzymes in the small intestine to work most effectively.

Question 22

Uses of enzymes in the home:

Answer 22

Biological washing detergents (lipase and protease).

Biological detergents are more effective at low temperatures than non-biological.

Question 23

Uses of enzymes in industry:

Answer 23

Protease can be used to “pre-digest” baby food.
Carbohydrase can be used to turn starch into sugar syrup.
Isomerase can be used to turn glucose into fructose.

Question 24

Advantages of enzymes in industry include…

Answer 24

…enzymes bringing about reactions at normal temperatures and pressures that would otherwise be expensive to produce.

Question 25

Disadvantages of enzymes in industry include…

Answer 25

…most enzymes denaturing at high temperatures and many being costly to produce.