Proteins 2 Flashcards
Essential amino acids
(9) cannot be produced naturally, must be consumed through our diet
Non-essential amino acids
(11) synthesised from products or intermediates of crucial metabolic pathways
What is alanine synthesised from?
pyruvate, a product of glycolysis
What is aspartate synthesised from?
oxaloacetate, an intermediate of the citric acid cycle
How can amino acids be classfied?
Based on their metabolic fate:
- glucogenic
- ketogenic
- both
Based on their R-group which determines the amino acids properties/characteristics such as solubility in water
What proteinogenic amino acids?
‘protein creating’ –> there are 22 genetically encoded amino acids in known life:
- 20 standard amino acids
- 2 additional which are incorporated by special transformational mechanisms
define non standard amino acids
refers to amino acids that have been chemically modified after they have been incorporated into a protein
have biologically important roles
define standard amino acids
non-proteinogenic, not naturally encoded amino acids
example = pyrrolysine- has broad potential in biotech
classification of amino acids on the basis of their R-groups
non-polar - hydrophobic polar, hydrophilic - but uncharged basic - +ve charged acidic - -ve charged aromatic - relatively non-polar, participates in hydrophobic interactions
how can amino acids be visualised?
ball and stick model
space filling model
amino acids with non polar R-groups
glycine alanine valine leucine methionine isoleucine proline phenylalanine tryptophan
amino acids with polar R groups
serine threonine asparagine glutamine cysteine tyrosine aspartic acid glutamic acid histidine lysine arginine
basic amino acids
lysine
arginine
histidine
acidic amino acids
asparagine/aspartic acid
glutamine/glutamic acid
aromatic amino acids
phenylalanine
tyrosine
tryphophan
