Proteins

Question 1

What is an amino acid?

Answer 1

The most simple building block of proteins.

Question 2

Dipeptide

Answer 2

The product of two amino acids binding together

Question 3

Polypeptide

Answer 3

term used for a molecule consisting of repeating amino acid subunits

Question 4

Side chain

Answer 4

Variable part of amino acids, of which there are 20 different types

Question 5

peptide bond

Answer 5

A chemical bond formed between amino acids by the removal of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, resulting in water formation

Question 6

hydrophobic

Answer 6

Tending to avoid interactions with water

Question 7

hydrophilic

Answer 7

tending to form interactions with water

Question 8

Globular protein

Answer 8

large polypeptides that arrange into ball-like structures

Question 9

Fibrous protein

Answer 9

Large polypeptides that arrange into long rope-like structures

Question 10

functional protein

Answer 10

a protein molecule that plays a useful role due to its 3D conformation

Question 11

Hydrogen bond

Answer 11

A weak, temporary chemical bond that is formed between hydrogen and either N or O.

Question 12

ionic bond

Answer 12

strong chemical bond formed by charged atoms

Question 13

disulfide bridge

Answer 13

chemical bond formed between the sulfur-containing amino acids

Question 14

primary structure

Answer 14

a polypeptide with no interactions between amino acid side groups

Question 15

secondary structure

Answer 15

a polypeptide with simple interactions between amino acid side groups forming sheets or helices

Question 16

collagen

Answer 16

structural fibrous protein that is the most abundant protein in the body

Question 17

keratin

Answer 17

fibrous protein that is present in hair and nails

Question 18

keratin

Answer 18

fibrous protein that is present in hair and nails

Question 19

elastin

Answer 19

fibrous protein that affords elasticity to tissues

Question 20

tertiary structure

Answer 20

protein structure consisting of a mix of primary and secondary structures that form complex 3-dimensional shapes

Question 21

quaternary structures

Answer 21

multiple tertiary structures associated with each other for a common function

Question 22

haemoglobin

Answer 22

protein that is responsible for oxygen transport throughout the body

Question 23

conjugated protein

Answer 23

polypeptide that requires interaction with another group to function

Question 24

prosthetic group

Answer 24

inorganic group that binds with protein and allows it to function