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Biology 2.2 - Biological molecules > carbohydrates and lipids > Flashcards

carbohydrates and lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

hydrogen bond

A

a weak temporary chemical bond that is formed between hydrogen and either N or O.

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2
Q

monomer

A

a single unit of a repeatable molecule

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3
Q

polymer

A

a molecule that consists of multiple repeating units

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4
Q

condensation reaction

A

a reaction where a bond forms and water is lost

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5
Q

hydrolysis

A

breaking of a chemical bond by addition of water

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6
Q

monosaccharide

A

a single carbohydrate subunit

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7
Q

ribose

A

sugar that forms the backbone of RNA

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8
Q

glucose

A

simple carbohydrate which is formed by photosynthesis and used during respiration

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9
Q

glycosidic bond

A

a chemical bond that occurs between two carbohydrate molecules

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10
Q

amylose

A

glucose polymer that is a component of starch

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11
Q

amylopectin

A

highly branched glucose polysaccharide that makes up to 60-70% of starch

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12
Q

starch

A

glucose polysaccharide that is used for energy storage in plants

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13
Q

glycogen

A

polysaccharide formed from glucose that is used for glucose storage

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14
Q

cellulose

A

polysaccharide formed from glucose that is used for strength in plants and algae

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15
Q

triglyceride

A

a fat molecule consisting of three fatty acid chains bound to a glycerol unit

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16
Q

phospholipid

A

a fat molecule consisting of two fatty acids glycerol and a phosphate group

17
Q

saturated

A

a fatty acid where no double carbon bonds are formed, allowing the maximal number of hydrogens to bond

18
Q

unsaturated

A

a fatty acid where carbon double bonds are formed, stopping the maximal number of hydrogens from forming

19
Q

ester bond

A

chemical bonds between one glycerol and three fatty acid molecules

20
Q

fatty acid

A

long hydrocarbon chains ending in a carboxyl group

21
Q

cholesterol

A

a molecule that is added to the cell membrane that regulates its fluidity

22
Q

maltose

A

disaccharide formed by two glucose molecules

Biology 2.2 - Biological molecules (3 decks)

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