carbohydrates and lipids Flashcards
hydrogen bond
a weak temporary chemical bond that is formed between hydrogen and either N or O.
monomer
a single unit of a repeatable molecule
polymer
a molecule that consists of multiple repeating units
condensation reaction
a reaction where a bond forms and water is lost
hydrolysis
breaking of a chemical bond by addition of water
monosaccharide
a single carbohydrate subunit
ribose
sugar that forms the backbone of RNA
glucose
simple carbohydrate which is formed by photosynthesis and used during respiration
glycosidic bond
a chemical bond that occurs between two carbohydrate molecules
amylose
glucose polymer that is a component of starch
amylopectin
highly branched glucose polysaccharide that makes up to 60-70% of starch
starch
glucose polysaccharide that is used for energy storage in plants
glycogen
polysaccharide formed from glucose that is used for glucose storage
cellulose
polysaccharide formed from glucose that is used for strength in plants and algae
triglyceride
a fat molecule consisting of three fatty acid chains bound to a glycerol unit
phospholipid
a fat molecule consisting of two fatty acids glycerol and a phosphate group
saturated
a fatty acid where no double carbon bonds are formed, allowing the maximal number of hydrogens to bond
unsaturated
a fatty acid where carbon double bonds are formed, stopping the maximal number of hydrogens from forming
ester bond
chemical bonds between one glycerol and three fatty acid molecules
fatty acid
long hydrocarbon chains ending in a carboxyl group
cholesterol
a molecule that is added to the cell membrane that regulates its fluidity
maltose
disaccharide formed by two glucose molecules
