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Nutrition 203 > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of proteins in the body?

A
  • hormones (notice all those peptide hormones we studied earlier are all proteins)
  • enzymes
  • immunity
  • acid-base balance (helps prevent ketosis)
  • growth and maintenence and repair
  • body structure and blood
  • fluid balance
  • transporting
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2
Q

What is albumin?

A

protein in the blood that maintains the osmotic pressure and proper distribustion of body fluids between tissues and bloodstream

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3
Q

What is edema?

A

A condition that develops when the blood albumin is too low

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4
Q

How do proteins help maintain the body’s acid and base balance?

A

proteins act as buffers so they can neutralize the byproducts of the body’s metabolic processses

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5
Q

How do proteins help with immune function?

A

Form the first barriers of defense agaisnt antigens: in the skin and the mucus

they help make up the structure of the skin and mucus

proteins also make up antibodies which are produced in response to antigen

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6
Q

Where is mucus found?

A

in the respiratory system and the intestine

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7
Q

What happens with deficiencies in enzymes?

A

there is an inborn error in metabolism

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8
Q

what are some non-genetic causes of enzyme deficiency?

A

illness, inadequate nutrition, and medications

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9
Q

What is an example of a hormone made out of protein? an example of one made out of lipids?

A

Insulin (protein) and estrogen (lipid cuz its converted from cholesterol)

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10
Q

What are the ways in which protein can transport?

A

They can transport substances across cell walls (sodium potassium pump)

transport nutrients through the bloodstream (example: lipoproteins

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11
Q

What does protein do for energy function?

A

not much literally will do anything else rather than do energy

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12
Q

Does protein have a major storage form for energy?

A

no

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13
Q

True or false: the body uses protein for energy as a last resource

A

Protein sparing: if there is not enough carbohydrate intake than the body will break down muscle for amino acids

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14
Q

Describe protein turnover

A

Protein Breakdown: Your body identifies old or damaged proteins. Enzymes called proteases snip these proteins into their amino acid building blocks.

Recycling: These amino acids don’t go to waste. They’re like LEGO pieces ready to be reused.

Protein Synthesis: Your cells then use these amino acids to build new proteins as needed. This involves processes like transcription and translation where your DNA gets involved to make sure the new proteins are made correctly.

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15
Q

What is demination?

A

Deamination is the process where your body removes an amino group (NH2) from an amino acid. This happens mainly in the liver. After removing the amino group, your body converts it into ammonia (toxic) which gets quickly dehydration synthesized into urea (less toxic) and then excreted via urine. The leftover part (ketoacid) of the amino acid can be used for energy or other purposes.

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16
Q

What is nitrogen balance?

A

nitrogen consumed vs nitrogen excreted

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17
Q

What is positive nitrogen balance and when does it occur?

A

eating more nitrogen then you are taking out

happens during growth, recovery from illness, and preggers

18
Q

What is negative nitrogen balance and when does it occur?

A

not enough eating nitrogen or its being excreted more than eaten

aids, cancer, starvation, and low calorie diets

19
Q

What is PDCAAS?

A

protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score

20
Q

What are complementary proteins?

A

combining these two gets you all the essential proteins needed - example rice and daal which on their own will be missing methionine and leucine

21
Q

What are supplemental proteins?

A

Additional sources of protein for specific populations such as vegetarians, highly active people and underweight people

22
Q

What is PEM?

A

Protein energy malnutrition which is a disorder you get when you don’t have enough protein and/or energy consumption

  • infants and younger children are the most susceptible

most lethal form of malnutrition

23
Q

What are the two types of protein energy malnutrition?

A

Marasmus: caused by not enough calorie or protein intake and it is a condition of starvation with emeciation

Kwashiorkor: swollen appearance especially in the abdomen and because of low protein and altered gut bacteria this is more commmon in children weaned from breast milk to cereal

24
Q

What is transamination?

A

transfer of amine group from one amino acid to another molecule to create a new amino acid

25
Q

True or false: triglycerides are the primary form of lipid found in the food and in the body

A

TRUE BITCH

26
Q

What do phospholipids do?

A

creates lipoproteins and helps in the transport process (emulsifying). Also makes up structure in cell membrane

27
Q

Is the phosphate group in phospholipids polarized?

A

Yes

28
Q

What makes most of the cholesterol in our body?

A

the liver

29
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

ADEK- amazing daily essential keepers

30
Q

What does cholesterol do for the cell membrane?

A

provides ridigity and structural integrity

31
Q

What is aldosterone used in

A

hydration metabolism

32
Q

True or false: cholesterol is only found in animal products

A

TRUEEEEEEE

33
Q

What is the primary type of heart disease that is linked with fat intake?

A

atherosclerosis which is build up of fatty deposits and streaks on the outside of arteries

this may reduce blood flow to areas of the heart which can cause ischemia

BACKFLOW/
turbulence and clot formation

if the artery is completely blocked it can cause a myocardial infarction

stroke: blockage of artery supplying blood to brain

34
Q

What is a good acronym for the order of lipoprotein process?

A

VILH
villains in larger houses

35
Q

Where does HDL drop cholesterol off?

A

sex areas to turn into testosterone and estrogen but MOSTLY the liver to recycle it into bile

36
Q

how does baby or nascent chylomicron become mature?

A

it interacts with HDL

37
Q

What are the three most widely consumed grains in the US

A

wheat rye and barley

38
Q

Describe celiac disease

A

body attacks itself cuz its an autoimmune response and the wall of the intestine gets flattened so its unable to absorb the nutrients through the folds

39
Q

What are some issues that come with low carb diets

A

fruity/alcoholic breath from the ketones

constipation from the low amount of fiber

dehydration from water loss

40
Q

What are some of the health benefits of dietary fiber?

A

assist with bowel regularity - reduce constipation and hemorrhoidal vein inflmammation

less chance of diverticulosis

less contact of toxic stuff with intestinal wall/lower risk of colon cancer

may aid in weight control

lowers the risk of heart disease

improves blood glucose control

41
Q

how do low carbohydrate diets work?

A

forces fat to be metbolized for energy and then producing ketones

muscle glycogen also broken down to glucose –> dehydration synthesis

42
Q
A

Nutrition 203 (5 decks)

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