Proteins

Question 1

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 1

Proteins are made up of smaller units called amino acids.

They are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s cells, tissues, and organs.

Question 2

What are the types of proteins?

Answer 2

Types of proteins include:
1. Structural Proteins: Provide support and shape to cells and tissues (e.g., collagen, keratin).

2. Enzymatic Proteins: Speed up biochemical reactions (e.g., amylase, lipase).
3. Transport Proteins: Move substances through the body or across cell membranes (e.g., hemoglobin, albumin).
4. Storage Proteins: Store essential molecules for later use (e.g., ferritin, casein).
5. Defense Proteins: Protect the body from disease (e.g., antibodies).
6. Hormonal Proteins: Regulate bodily functions by acting as chemical messengers (e.g., insulin, growth hormone).
7. Contractile Proteins: Involved in muscle contraction and movement (e.g., actin, myosin).
8. Receptor Proteins: Receive signals to enable cell communication (e.g., insulin receptors, rhodopsin).

Question 3

What are amino acids used for in the body?

Answer 3

Amino acids are used to make proteins to help the body:
• Break down food
• Grow
• Repair body tissue
• Perform many other body functions.

Question 4

What are the three groups of amino acids?

Answer 4

Amino acids are classified into three groups:
1. Essential amino acids
2. Nonessential amino acids
3. Conditionally essential amino acids.

Question 5

cannot be made by the body and must come from food. The best sources are animal proteins such as meat, eggs, and poultry. These are: histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine

Answer 5

Essential amino acids

Question 6

can be produced by the body even if not obtained from food. These are: alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine.

Answer 6

Nonessential amino acids

Question 7

are usually not essential, except in times of illness and stress. These are :arginine, cysteine, glutamine, tyrosine, glycine, proline, and serine.

Answer 7

Conditionally essential amino acids

Question 8

What are the functions of proteins in the body?

Answer 8

Functions of proteins in the body include:
• Digestive enzymes help facilitate chemical reactions
• Antibodies support immune function.

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