proteins Flashcards
what are proteins comprised of?
linear chains of amino acids connected by the formation of covalent bonds at the carboxyl terminus of the growing peptide bond
what are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
examples of proteins:
meat and beans
why are proteins important?
for muscle development, working in the immune system, and acting as enzymes (which are made of proteins)
what are the atoms essential for proteins?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
how are amino acids composed?
they all have a central carbon (called the alpha carbon) single bonded to a hydrogen
- then an amine group to the left
- carboxyl group to the right
- R-group attached to the bottom
polypeptide
a sequence of amino acids
protein
when polypeptides are folded to their particular shape (depending on the interactions between the R-groups)
primary structure
the order that amino acids are bonded together through covalent bonds at the carboxy terminus of the growing peptide
secondary structure
alpha-helix and beta-sheet ; the dots in the middle of their structure are hydrogen bonded; hydrogen bonds form between hydroxyl group of 1 amino acid and the amine group of the other
tertiary structure
when all of the R-groups interact with one another
quaternary structure:
when the final protein products combine together
what determines a proteins function?
the structure/shape
which reactions form polypeptide proteins
condensation reactions/dehydration synthesis
what reaction is responsible for the breaking down of proteins into their monomers?
hydrolysis reactions
what determines the overall shape of a protein?
the specific order of amino acids in a polypeptide (primary structure)
