Functional groups

Question 1

hydroxyl group

Answer 1

• OH
• when attached to a carbon backbone, it makes the entire molecules an alcohol
• does not act like an acid as it has no reason to release the Hydrogen atom attached to it into solution
• polar
• can form hydrogen bonds
• hydrophilic and will dissolve in water

Question 2

sulfhydryl group

Answer 2

• SH
• similar to a hydroxyl group except it is less polar
• hydrophilic

Question 3

carbonyl group

Answer 3

• double bond between carbon and oxygen
• polar
• not acidic

Question 4

carboxyl group

Answer 4

• double bond between carbon and oxygen then a single bond to a hydroxyl group
• always polar
• will make a molecule acidic since it can donate a H+
• carboxyl and amine group create amino acids!!

Question 5

amine group

Answer 5

• single bonds between Nitrogen and H2
• when one of these single-bonded hydrogens want to accept a hydrogen from solution, it will make the entire solution less acidic
• polar
• basic
• carboxyl and amine group create amino acids!!

Question 6

methyl group

Answer 6

• Single bonds between a carbon and H3
• nonpolar

Question 7

phosphate group

Answer 7

• Phosphate central atom double bonded to 1 oxygen atom and single bonded to 3 other oxygens
• acidic so it will make the molecule more acidic
• can give up hydrogens in solution (making the entire solution more acidic)
• polar

Question 8

aldehyde group

Answer 8

• double bond between carbon and oxyegn; single bond between H and R group to the central carbon
• a type of carbonyl
• polar

Question 9

ketone group

Answer 9

• has a carbonyl group attached to 2 R-groups
• polar

Question 10

amino acids

Answer 10

• can be basic or acidic

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