Proteins

Question 1

Parts of protein?

Answer 1

Amino group(NH3+), Carbon, Carboxyl group (COO-), Side chain

Question 2

What is tyrosine’s precursor?

Answer 2

Phenylalanine

Question 3

What is cystein’s precursor?

Answer 3

Methionine, serine

Question 4

What is proline’s precursor?

Answer 4

Glutamate

Question 5

What is arganine’s precursor?

Answer 5

Glutamine or glutamate, aspartate

Question 6

What is glutamine’s precursor?

Answer 6

Glutamate, ammonia

Question 7

What are different structure levels of protein (4)?

Answer 7

-Primary: Amino acid code
-Secondary: Hydrogen bonds in b-pleated sheets and a-helix
-Tertiary
-Quaternary

Question 8

How do blood proteins affect fluid balance?

Answer 8

Albumin and globulin attract water, increasing fluid retention.
-Protein deficit decreases albumin and globulin which decreases oncotic pressure causing an edema.

*Oncotic pressure= pull extracellular fluid from capillary beds back into venous capillaries

Question 9

How do proteins affect acid-base balance of the blood?

Answer 9

Proteins are buffers by accepting and donating H ion capability. High H ion concentration =low pH
-In acidic conditions, they pick up extra H ions
-In alkaline conditions, the donate H ions

Question 10

What are some factors influencing dietary AA utilization?

Answer 10

Adequate energy intake:
-When intake < needs, † AA oxidation

Adequate CHO intake:
-When intake < needs, † AA use for gluconeogenesis

Protein qualitv:
-When ~ # EAA or [EAAJ, 1 AA oxid. &/or glucose/fat syn

Protein intake vs. protein req.:
-When protein intake > protein needs, † AA oxid. &/or
glucose/fat syn.

Physiological status:
• When † body protein (growth, preg, lact), † AA incorp.
• When y body protein (cancer, aging, fasting, trauma, hypermetabolism), ~ AA incorp

Question 11

What happens with excess protein intake?

Answer 11

-Increase kidney work to remove NH3 (diuretic)
-Increase Ca loss esp. if excess animal protein
-Increase obesity & CHD ris excess preotein is animal (increase sat fat, fat, cholesterol)
-Increase cancer of colon, breast, pancreas, & prostate if excess animal protein

Question 12

Anabolic vs catabolic

Answer 12

Anabolic build up. Catabolic break down

Question 13

Anabolic use of AA

Answer 13

Plasma proteins, peptide hormones, protein secretions, enzymes, immune proteins, tissue proteins and N containing compounds

Question 14

What is ARG used for?

Answer 14

Nitric oxide synthesis and vasodilation

Question 15

Glucose alanine cycle

Question 16

Synthesis of glutamine in peripheral tissue and transport to liver?

Question 17

Protein degradation

Question 18

Role of glutamine in urea production?