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Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

True or false:proteins are micromolecules with nitrogen compunds

A

False, it is a MACROmolecule with NITROGEN compounds

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2
Q

Are proteins larger than lipids and carbs?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What compound is unique to proteins

A

Nitrogen

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4
Q

Where are proteins synthesized

A

Liver

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5
Q

Where does proteins circulate

A

Blood (plasma)

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6
Q

How many percent of the cell’s dry weight is proteins

A

50-70%

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7
Q

Prteins are composed of —-

A

Linked amino acids

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8
Q

Functions of proteins

A

Enzymes
Hormones
Transport proteins
Immunoglobulins
Structural proteins
Storage proteins
Energy
Osmotic force
Hemostasis
Acid-base balance

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9
Q

Example of transport protein

A

Lipoproteins

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10
Q

Example of immunoglobulins

A

Antibodies (immunoglobulins)

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11
Q

Can proteins be stored for energy use?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Proteins can be broken into — to make energy

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

What determines the chemical properties of proteins

A

Amino acids

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14
Q

It is the building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acids

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15
Q

Amino acids contains one of both — and —

A

Amino and carboxylic acid functional groups

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16
Q

it is the general transport protein

A

albumin

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17
Q

albumin is composed of how many amino acids

A

585 amino acids

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18
Q

it is the circulating reservoir of amino acids

A

albumin

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19
Q

albumin is a — reactants

A

negative phase

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20
Q

what is negative phase reactants

A

decreases during acute inflammation

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21
Q

albumin decreases in this scenarios

A

malnutrition
liver disease
GIT inflammation
loss to kidneys
burns
excess dilution
acute disease states

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22
Q

albumin increases in

A

dehydration (pseudoincrease because water content is low)

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23
Q

why is albumin decreased in dehydration

A

walay naswer, question ni sir

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24
Q

what composes total protein (plasma protein)

A

albumin and globulin

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25
globulins are grouped into
alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma fractions
26
what plasma protein is an acute phase reactants
globulin
27
considered as plasma proteins but have special functions
cardiac markers (myoglobulin and troponin)
28
cardiac marker found in muscles
myoglobin
29
cardiac marker found in the cardiac muscles
troponin
30
it is the cardiac marker for muscular disorder and AMI
myoglobin
31
what happens to myoglobin durin AMI
elevates 2-3 hours after onset peaks 8-12 hours normalize in 18-30 hours
32
fatsest marker to rise in AMI
myoglobin
33
advantage and disadvantage of myoglobin as cardiac marker
fastest but not specific
34
describe what happens to troponin I when AMI
elevates 3-6 hours after onset peaks at 12-18 hours normalize in 6 days
35
list of total protein methods
Kjeldahl method refractometry biuret method turbidimetric method
36
list of albumin methods
dye binding salt precipitation
37
reference method for total protein
Kjeldahl method
38
this method is based on nitrogen determination
Kjeldahl method
39
according to Kjeldahl method 1 gram of N = ?
1 gram of N = 6.54 grams of protein
40
basic steps in Kjeldahl method
Kjeldahlization
41
steps in Kjeldahlization
-acid precipitaion (tungstic acid) of protein -wash the precipitate to remove non-protein nitrogen -oxidize the protein with H2SO4 and heat in the presence of catalyst to produce NH4SO4 and other end products -boil to remove end products -add excess OH- and distill NH3 into boric acid -titrate distillate to determine NH3 content (measurement via berthelot reaction)
42
The refractive index of an aqueous solution increases as the protein concentration increases and therefore refractive index measurements can be used to determine the protein content
refractometry
43
biuret methos is measured in what nm
540nm
44
violet chelate which is proportional to the number of peptide bonds are measured at 540nm
biuret method
45
in biuret method violet chelate is proportional to the number of ---
peptide bonds
46
in biuret method, solution of protein is treated with --- in what pH
copper ions in moderate alkaline media
47
composition of biuret reagent
color developer alkaline copper sulfate rochelle salt (tartrate salt) potassium iodide
48
function of alkaline copper sulfate in biuret method
breaks the peptide bonds
49
purpose of rochelle/tartrate salt in biuret method
keeps copper in solution
50
purpose of potassium iodide in biuret method
stabilize cupric ions
51
in turbidimetric method, the diluted serum is treated with --- which results in the ---
treated with sulfosalicylic acid resulting in the precipitation of protein
52
what method where the resultant precipitate of protein is read photometrically as a turbidity
Turbidimetric method
53
the resultant precipitate of protein is read ---
read photometrically as a turbidity
54
Protein binds to a dye and is measured
dye binding method
55
common dyes used for dye binding method
Methyl orange 2, 4’ - hydroxy-azobenzene-benzoic acid Bromcresol green Bromcresol purple
56
Globulins precipitate and albumin supernatant (albumin is quantified via Biuret)
Salt Precipitation
57
in salt precipitation method globulins --- and albumin ---
globulins precipitates albumin in suoernatant
58
in salt precipitation method, what precipitates globulin
sodium sulfate
59
what is measured by the biuret in salt precipitation method
supernatant albumin
60
Migration of charged particles in an electric field
Electrophoresis
61
what specific protein: neutralizes trypsin-like enzymes
a1-antitrypsin
62
what specific protein: synthesized by fetal yolk sac, the fetal parenchymal cells
a1-fetoprotein
63
what specific protein: acute phase reactant
a1-acid glycoprotein
64
what specific protein: serine protease inhibitor
a1-antichymotrypsin
65
what specific protein: binds free heme
hemopexin
66
what specific protein: vitamin D carrier
GC-globulin
67
what specific protein: binds free hgb
haptoglobin
68
what specific protein: binds copper
ceruloplasmin
69
what specific protein: inhibits protease trypsin, pepsin, pplasmin, thrombin
a2-macroglobulin
70
what specific protein: carries iron
transferrin
71
what specific protein: carrier of lipids
lipoprotein
72
what specific protein: light chain component of human leukocyte antigen
B2-microglobulin
73
what specific protein: for immune response
complement
74
what specific protein: increased in acute inflammation
C-reactive protein

CC lab (5 decks)

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