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CC lab > Proteins > Flashcards

Proteins Flashcards

1
Q

True or false:proteins are micromolecules with nitrogen compunds

A

False, it is a MACROmolecule with NITROGEN compounds

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2
Q

Are proteins larger than lipids and carbs?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What compound is unique to proteins

A

Nitrogen

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4
Q

Where are proteins synthesized

A

Liver

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5
Q

Where does proteins circulate

A

Blood (plasma)

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6
Q

How many percent of the cell’s dry weight is proteins

A

50-70%

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7
Q

Prteins are composed of —-

A

Linked amino acids

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8
Q

Functions of proteins

A

Enzymes
Hormones
Transport proteins
Immunoglobulins
Structural proteins
Storage proteins
Energy
Osmotic force
Hemostasis
Acid-base balance

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9
Q

Example of transport protein

A

Lipoproteins

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10
Q

Example of immunoglobulins

A

Antibodies (immunoglobulins)

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11
Q

Can proteins be stored for energy use?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Proteins can be broken into — to make energy

A

Amino acids

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13
Q

What determines the chemical properties of proteins

A

Amino acids

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14
Q

It is the building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acids

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15
Q

Amino acids contains one of both — and —

A

Amino and carboxylic acid functional groups

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16
Q

it is the general transport protein

A

albumin

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17
Q

albumin is composed of how many amino acids

A

585 amino acids

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18
Q

it is the circulating reservoir of amino acids

A

albumin

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19
Q

albumin is a — reactants

A

negative phase

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20
Q

what is negative phase reactants

A

decreases during acute inflammation

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21
Q

albumin decreases in this scenarios

A

malnutrition
liver disease
GIT inflammation
loss to kidneys
burns
excess dilution
acute disease states

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22
Q

albumin increases in

A

dehydration (pseudoincrease because water content is low)

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23
Q

why is albumin decreased in dehydration

A

walay naswer, question ni sir

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24
Q

what composes total protein (plasma protein)

A

albumin and globulin

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25
Q

globulins are grouped into

A

alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma fractions

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26
Q

what plasma protein is an acute phase reactants

A

globulin

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27
Q

considered as plasma proteins but have special functions

A

cardiac markers (myoglobulin and troponin)

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28
Q

cardiac marker found in muscles

A

myoglobin

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29
Q

cardiac marker found in the cardiac muscles

A

troponin

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30
Q

it is the cardiac marker for muscular disorder and AMI

A

myoglobin

31
Q

what happens to myoglobin durin AMI

A

elevates 2-3 hours after onset
peaks 8-12 hours
normalize in 18-30 hours

32
Q

fatsest marker to rise in AMI

A

myoglobin

33
Q

advantage and disadvantage of myoglobin as cardiac marker

A

fastest but not specific

34
Q

describe what happens to troponin I when AMI

A

elevates 3-6 hours after onset
peaks at 12-18 hours
normalize in 6 days

35
Q

list of total protein methods

A

Kjeldahl method
refractometry
biuret method
turbidimetric method

36
Q

list of albumin methods

A

dye binding
salt precipitation

37
Q

reference method for total protein

A

Kjeldahl method

38
Q

this method is based on nitrogen determination

A

Kjeldahl method

39
Q

according to Kjeldahl method 1 gram of N = ?

A

1 gram of N = 6.54 grams of protein

40
Q

basic steps in Kjeldahl method

A

Kjeldahlization

41
Q

steps in Kjeldahlization

A

-acid precipitaion (tungstic acid) of protein
-wash the precipitate to remove non-protein nitrogen
-oxidize the protein with H2SO4 and heat in the presence of catalyst to produce NH4SO4 and other end products
-boil to remove end products
-add excess OH- and distill NH3 into boric acid
-titrate distillate to determine NH3 content (measurement via berthelot reaction)

42
Q

The refractive index of an aqueous solution increases as the protein
concentration increases and therefore refractive index measurements can be
used to determine the protein content

A

refractometry

43
Q

biuret methos is measured in what nm

A

540nm

44
Q

violet chelate which is proportional to the number of peptide bonds are measured at 540nm

A

biuret method

45
Q

in biuret method violet chelate is proportional to the number of —

A

peptide bonds

46
Q

in biuret method, solution of protein is treated with — in what pH

A

copper ions in moderate alkaline media

47
Q

composition of biuret reagent

A

color developer
alkaline copper sulfate
rochelle salt (tartrate salt)
potassium iodide

48
Q

function of alkaline copper sulfate in biuret method

A

breaks the peptide bonds

49
Q

purpose of rochelle/tartrate salt in biuret method

A

keeps copper in solution

50
Q

purpose of potassium iodide in biuret method

A

stabilize cupric ions

51
Q

in turbidimetric method, the diluted serum is treated with — which results in the —

A

treated with sulfosalicylic acid resulting in the precipitation of protein

52
Q

what method where the resultant precipitate of protein is read photometrically as a turbidity

A

Turbidimetric method

53
Q

the resultant precipitate of protein is read —

A

read photometrically as a turbidity

54
Q

Protein binds to a dye and is measured

A

dye binding method

55
Q

common dyes used for dye binding method

A

Methyl orange
2, 4’ - hydroxy-azobenzene-benzoic acid
Bromcresol green
Bromcresol purple

56
Q

Globulins precipitate and albumin supernatant (albumin is quantified via
Biuret)

A

Salt Precipitation

57
Q

in salt precipitation method globulins — and albumin —

A

globulins precipitates
albumin in suoernatant

58
Q

in salt precipitation method, what precipitates globulin

A

sodium sulfate

59
Q

what is measured by the biuret in salt precipitation method

A

supernatant albumin

60
Q

Migration of charged particles in an electric field

A

Electrophoresis

61
Q

what specific protein: neutralizes trypsin-like enzymes

A

a1-antitrypsin

62
Q

what specific protein: synthesized by fetal yolk sac, the fetal parenchymal cells

A

a1-fetoprotein

63
Q

what specific protein: acute phase reactant

A

a1-acid glycoprotein

64
Q

what specific protein: serine protease inhibitor

A

a1-antichymotrypsin

65
Q

what specific protein: binds free heme

A

hemopexin

66
Q

what specific protein: vitamin D carrier

A

GC-globulin

67
Q

what specific protein: binds free hgb

A

haptoglobin

68
Q

what specific protein: binds copper

A

ceruloplasmin

69
Q

what specific protein: inhibits protease trypsin, pepsin, pplasmin, thrombin

A

a2-macroglobulin

70
Q

what specific protein: carries iron

A

transferrin

71
Q

what specific protein: carrier of lipids

A

lipoprotein

72
Q

what specific protein: light chain component of human leukocyte antigen

A

B2-microglobulin

73
Q

what specific protein: for immune response

A

complement

74
Q

what specific protein: increased in acute inflammation

A

C-reactive protein

CC lab (5 decks)

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