PROTEINS Flashcards
- Any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms.
PROTEINS
Large complex organic compounds composed of amino acids as the building units linked together in peptide bond.
PROTEINS
Very important molecules in our cells and are essential for all living organisms.
PROTEINS
Most abundant organic molecules of the living system.
PROTEINS
The central role of proteins as enzymes in living organisms was however not fully appreciated until
1926
What are the 5 maintenance of life processes
Communication (nerves)
Defense (antibodies)
Metabolic regulation (hormones)
Biochemical catalyst (enzymes)
Oxygen transport (hemoglobin)
Swedish chemist that coined the term protein while attempting to apply a dualistic organic chemistry to the constituents of living things.
Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1838)
Originated from a Greek word “proteios” means
“to hold first place” or “is of prime importance”
he supposed that all albuminous substances consists of radical compound (protein) of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen, in combination with varying amounts of sulfur and phosphorus.
PROTEINS THEORY 1838
Proteins were first described by the Dutch chemist
Gerardus Johannes Mulder.
Berzelius also characterized and named two new concepts:
“isomerism” and “catalysis”
Early nutritional scientists believed that “protein is the most important nutrient for maintaining the structure of the body”
Because it was generally believed that “flesh makes flesh”
German Carl von Voit
first who sequenced insulin (1958)
Frederick Sanger
showed that the enzyme urease was in fact a protein
James B. Sumner
Who found that this protein is actually made up of _____________ by ___________
Frederick Sanger & two amino acid chains linked together by disulphide bonds
Austrian – born British molecular biologist who determined the structure (sequencing) of hemoglobin.
Max Perutz 1958
British biochemist who determined the three dimensional structure (sequencing) of the muscle protein myoglobin, which stores oxygen in muscle cells.
Sir John Cowdery Kendrew, in 1958
What stores oxygen in muscle cells
Myoglobin
The three dimensional structures of both proteins were first determined by
X-ray diffraction analysis.
Non – destructive tools to analyze all kinds of matter from ________ to _______.
fluids to crystals
_______ and _______ shared the 1962 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for these discoveries.
Perutz and Kendrew
IMPORTANCE OF PROTEINS
- Major structural component of animal tissues.
- Involved in the maintenance of life processes
- Utilized in the building of new tissues and maintaining tissues which are already developed.
Communication
NERVES
Metabolic regulation
HORMONES
