GENE, DNA AND CHROMOSOMES Flashcards
Segment of DNA that has the information (the code) for a protein or RNA
GENE
DNA and the proteins associated with the DNA
CHROMOSOMES
help DNA coil up and form its shape
HISTONE PROTEINS
FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS
CHROMOSOMES
are really just the form DNA becomes in the nucleus when the cell is preparing to divide
CHROMOSOMES
regulate turning on and turning off genes
NON - HISTONE PROTEINS
Human have ___ chromosomes
46
two exact copies of a chromosomes that are connected together.
CHROMATID
The point where they are connected near the middle is called the _____
CENTROMERE
Are made when new cells are going to be made.
CHROMATID
Chromosomes are _________ so we usually see them in their double - stranded form
ONLY VISIBLE WHEN A CELL IS DIVIDING
two set of chromosomes
found in all the non - sex cells or autosomes of an organisms body
examples: human (46), crayfish (200)
DIPLOID (2n)
contains one set of chromosomes
In the life cycle of many animals, only sperm and egg cells (sex cells) have the __________ number.
example: human (23), crayfish (100)
HAPLOID
Gamete =
SEX CELLS
Fusion of gametes forms a ____
ZYGOTE
always has a full or diploid number of chromosomes
ZYGOTE
chromosomes containing the same type of genetic information
one comes from male parent, one comes from the female parent
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES
what do you call the 46 chromosomes have been arranged in homologous pairs
KARYOTYPE
Body chromosomes or non sex chromosomes (humans have 44 or 22 pairs)
AUTOSOMES
XX or XY (23rd pair for humans) determines the sex of the offspring.
SEX CHROMOSOMES
the first 22 pairs of homologous chromosomes are called ______
AUTOSOMES
the 23rd pair of chromosomes determines the sex of the individual and are called ______—
SEX CHROMOSOMES
Bacteria have a one single loop of DNA
PROKARYOTIC CHROMOSOME
