Proteins Flashcards
What are amino acids
The monomers from which proteins are made
What elements are in ALL proteins and amino acids
Carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
What element is in SOME proteins
Sulphur
What is the general structure of an amino acid
H2N——-C——-COOH
I
H
(Above is R)
What is in the amino acid structure
Amine group
Carboxylate group
R group (represents a carbon containing side chain)
What do the 20 amino acids differ only in
Their R group
What is a peptide bond
Formed by the condensation between 2 amino acids
What are di peptides
Formed by the condensation of 2 amino acids
The hydroxyl group from 1 amino acid reacts with a hydrogen from the amine group in the second amino acid to form water
A water is removed in the formation of a peptide bond. A di peptide and a molecule of water is formed
How does a peptide bond form
OH. H |
|Condensation
¥. Reaction + H2O
C———-N
How are polypeptides formed
By the condensation of many amino acids
What are the 4 organisations of proteins
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
What is the primary structure of a protein
The sequence of amino acids in the protein. This is important as it determines the rest of the structure
Proteins differ from eacjother as their primary structure is different
What is the secondary protein structure
The folding of the polypeptide chain into an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet because of hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl and amine amino acids
What is an alpha helix
The polypeptide chain is wound round to form a helix. It’s held together by hydrogen bonds
What is a beta pleated sheet
The polypeptide chain zig zags back and forward forming a sheet of antiparallel strands. Held by many hydrogen bonds
What is tertiary structure
The further folding of the polypeptide chain into a specific 3D shape
The R groups on the amino acids in the polypeptide chains determines how the polypeptide chain folds into the specific 3D shape
Held by hydrogen ionic bonds and disulphide bridges
What is the quaternary structure
More than one polypeptide chain
If a protein contains 1 polypeptide chain it doesn’t have a quaternary structure
What is the Biochemical test for proteins
Biuret test
What do you do in the biuret test
Mix biuret solution which is blue with a sample
If proteins are present then the solution will turn to violet
What are enzymes
Biological catalysts