Carbohydrates Flashcards
What do carbohydrates consist of
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are monosaccharides
The monomers from which larger carbohydrates are made
What are 3 examples of monosaccharide
Glucose, fructose and galactose
What are disaccharides
2 monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond which forms during a condensation reaction
What are 3 examples of disaccharides
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
What does a condensation reaction between 2 monosaccharides form
A glycosidic bond
What formula do all monosaccharides have
C6H12O6
What are the 2 isomers of glucose
Alpha glucose
Beta glucose
What is an isomer
Has the same chemical formula but a different structural formula
What is the difference between the structure of an alpha glucose and beta
The hydroxyl and hydrogen molecules are inverted
What are disaccharides
2 monosaccharides joined together by a condensation reaction which produces a molecule of water
What do all disaccharides have the formula of
C12H22O11
How is maltose formed
Formed by the condensation of 2 glucose molecules (glucose+glucose)
How is lactose formed
By the condensation of glucose + galactose
How is sucrose formed
By the condensation of glucose + fructose
What is the equation for a disaccharide reaction
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 —-> C12H22O11 + H2O