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Biology 2.1.2: Biological Molecules > proteins > Flashcards

proteins Flashcards

1
Q

what is an amino acid?

A

a monomer which makes up proteins

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2
Q

what does the shape/function of a protein depend on?

A

sequence, type and number of amino acids

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3
Q

how many amino acids are there?

A

20

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4
Q

what is the general structure of an amino acid?

A
  • central carbon
  • NH2 amine group on left
  • COOH carboxylic acid group on right
  • H on bottom
  • R group on top
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5
Q

how are proteins joined?

A

peptide bonds

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6
Q

describe how a peptide bond forms

A
  • hydroxyl of carboxylic acid and hydrogen of amine group are lost (1 water molecule)
  • remaining carbon and double oxygen, bond to nitrogen of adjacent amino acid
  • water is released
  • condensation reaction
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7
Q

describe the primary structure of a protein

A
  • sequence of amino acids
  • peptide bonds
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8
Q

describe the secondary structure of a protein

A
  • initial folding of polypeptide chain
  • hydrogen bonding
  • alpha helix or beta pleated sheets
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9
Q

describe the tertiary structure of a protein

A
  • overall 3D shape
  • hydrogen & ionic bonds
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10
Q

describe the quaternary structure of a protein

A
  • 2+ polypeptide chains stacked to form a single protein molecule
  • hydrogen bonding & disulfide bridges
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11
Q

what is a globular protein?

A
  • almost spherical
  • soluble
  • metabolic functions
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12
Q

what is a fibrous protein?

A
  • regular amino acid sequence
  • insoluble
  • structural functions
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13
Q

describe the structure of elastin

A
  • fibrous
  • short sequences of 3-9 amino acids
  • flexible
  • recoils after being deformed
  • insoluble
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14
Q

describe the function of elastin

A
  • allows tissues in the body to shrink out and back
    e.g. bladder, lungs
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15
Q

describe the structure of collagen

A
  • fibrous
  • triple helix
  • flexible
  • no stretch
  • insoluble
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16
Q

describe the function of collagen

A
  • provides structural support
    e.g. tendons, cartilage
17
Q

describe the function of keratin

A
  • fibrous
  • provides support and protection for hair, skin and nails
  • insoluble
18
Q

describe the function of insulin

A
  • globular
  • allows glucose to enter cells
  • maintains glucose conc
  • specific, fixed shape
19
Q

describe the structure of haemoglobin

A
  • globular
  • iron haem group
  • 4 polypeptides
  • conjugated
  • 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits
  • soluble
20
Q

describe the function of haemoglobin

A
  • transports oxygen around the body
21
Q

describe the function of enzymes

A
  • globular
  • catalyses chemical reactions
    e.g. amylase

Biology 2.1.2: Biological Molecules (6 decks)

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