elements and molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

state the number of bonds in hydrogen

A

1

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2
Q

state the number of bonds in oxygen

A

2

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3
Q

state the number of bonds in nitrogen

A

3

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4
Q

state the number of bonds in carbon

A

4

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5
Q

which elements make up living organisms?

A

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
sulfur
phosphorus

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6
Q

what is an electrolyte?

A

ions in solution

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7
Q

which elements make up carbohydrates?

A

C,H,O

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8
Q

which elements make up lipid?

A

C,H,O

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9
Q

which elements make up proteins?

A

C,H,O,N

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10
Q

which elements make up nucleic acids?

A

C,H,O,N,P

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11
Q

what is a polymer?

A

a chain of monomers

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12
Q

what is an anabolic reaction?

A

where molecules are added

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13
Q

what is a catabolic reaction?

A

where molecules are broken down

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14
Q

what is polymerisation?

A

when monomers bond to form polymers

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15
Q

state 3 functions of calcium ions

A
  • nerve impulse transmission
  • release insulin
  • bone formation
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16
Q

state 2 functions of sodium ions

A
  • nerve impulse for muscle contraction
  • fluid regulation
17
Q

state 3 functions of potassium ions

A
  • nerve impulse for muscle contraction
  • fluid regulation
  • activates enzymes for photosynthesis
18
Q

state 1 function of hydrogen ions

A
  • pH in photosynthesis
19
Q

state 1 function of ammonium ions

A
  • absorbed from soil and provides nitrogen
20
Q

state 1 function of nitrate ions

A
  • absorbed from soil and provides nitrogen
21
Q

state 1 function of carbonate ions

A
  • maintains blood pH
22
Q

state 2 functions of chloride ions

A
  • maintains blood pH
  • cofactor for amylase
23
Q

state 2 functions of phosphate ions

A
  • photosynthesis
  • respiration
24
Q

state 1 function of hydroxide ions

A
  • affects pH