elements and molecules Flashcards
state the number of bonds in hydrogen
1
state the number of bonds in oxygen
2
state the number of bonds in nitrogen
3
state the number of bonds in carbon
4
which elements make up living organisms?
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
sulfur
phosphorus
what is an electrolyte?
ions in solution
which elements make up carbohydrates?
C,H,O
which elements make up lipid?
C,H,O
which elements make up proteins?
C,H,O,N
which elements make up nucleic acids?
C,H,O,N,P
what is a polymer?
a chain of monomers
what is an anabolic reaction?
where molecules are added
what is a catabolic reaction?
where molecules are broken down
what is polymerisation?
when monomers bond to form polymers
state 3 functions of calcium ions
- nerve impulse transmission
- release insulin
- bone formation
state 2 functions of sodium ions
- nerve impulse for muscle contraction
- fluid regulation
state 3 functions of potassium ions
- nerve impulse for muscle contraction
- fluid regulation
- activates enzymes for photosynthesis
state 1 function of hydrogen ions
- pH in photosynthesis
state 1 function of ammonium ions
- absorbed from soil and provides nitrogen
state 1 function of nitrate ions
- absorbed from soil and provides nitrogen
state 1 function of carbonate ions
- maintains blood pH
state 2 functions of chloride ions
- maintains blood pH
- cofactor for amylase
state 2 functions of phosphate ions
- photosynthesis
- respiration
state 1 function of hydroxide ions
- affects pH
