proteins

Question 1

describe an amino acid

Answer 1

amine group on the left NH2
carboxyl group on the right COOH
R group at the top

Question 2

whats it called when two aminos join toghether

Answer 2

dipeptide

Question 3

whats the bond inbetween two aminos

Answer 3

peptide

Question 4

what happens in a condensation reaction

Answer 4

h2o is lost

Question 5

what are proteins made up of

Answer 5

amino acids

Question 6

Fibrous protein properties

Answer 6

Insoluble
Flexible
Strong
Elongated strands

Question 7

What does TLC stand for

Answer 7

Thin layer chromatography

Question 8

What are the two phases of chromatography

Answer 8

Stationary and mobile

Question 9

where are DNA molecules foudn

Answer 9

in the nucleus

Question 10

where are organelles that create proteins foudn

Answer 10

cytoplasm

Question 11

why is DNA copied in synthesis

Answer 11

the original DNA is too nig to be moved out of the nucleus so its copied into mrna

Question 12

what happens after DNA has been copied into mRNA

Answer 12

the mrna leaves the nucleus and joins with a ribosome in the cytoplasm where it can synthesise a protein.

Question 13

In transcription what is broken between the 2 pairs

Answer 13

Hydrogen bonds

Question 14

what breaks the hydrogen bonds between the 2 pairs

Answer 14

DNA helicase

Question 15

desribe transcription in order

Answer 15

DNA helicase breaks H bonds between the two strands of a gene

complementary rna nucleotides move into and form H bonds with their complementary bases on the exposed DNA strand( the template strand)

RNA polymerase joins theRNA nucleotides by forming phospodiester bonds

Once the mRNA has been fully synthesised it detaches from the template strand and the DNA goes back to its normal double helix structure

The mRNA moves out of the nucleus via a nucleic pore and moves to the cytoplasm to begin translation…

Question 16

describe translation in order following on from transcription

Answer 16

initially the small subunit of a ribosome binds to the mrna at the start codon

a tRNA molecule complementary to the start codon attaches and is held in place by hydrogen bonds

the next tRNA molecule attaches to the 2nd codon on the mRNA
A peptide bond forms between the two amino acids that have been coded for by the tRNA (energy is needed by ATP for the peptide bond to be created)

the third tRNA molecule attaches to the third codon and the first tRNA molecule leaves just the amino acid behind

the ribosome contiues to repeat this process, forming the polypetide chain until it reaches the end codon and it detaches, releasing the polypeptide chain

once the polypeptide chain is correctly folded it can then carry out its function in the cell