molecules WATER LIPIDS CARBS Flashcards
what bonds are monosaccharides bonded with
glycocidic
what do monosaccharides form toghether to make
poly and disaccharides
whens a polysaccaride formed
when 2 or more monosaccharides join
whats starch a mix of
2 poly saccarides of A glucose
what gives amylose a coiled structure?
the angles of glyycosidic bonds between the A gluucose molecules
why does amylopectin having a branched structure allow enzymes to breakdown faster
due to its side branches,it exposes the glycosidic bonds quicker, allowing glucose to be released quicker
why is starch good for storage
its insoluble, meaning it isnt enter cells via osmosis, reducing swelling
name 3 polsaccharides
starch
glycogen
cellulose
whats glycogen used for
energy storage in animals
how is glycogen synthase enabling in its enzyme function of forming glycogen
it has an active site which is complementary to the substrate
most soluble carbohydrate
glucose
saturated lipid formula
COOH
whats a triglyceride
energy storage molecule in animals and plants
where and what are phospholipids
they make up the phospholipid bilayer and are found in cell membranes
whats the difference between staturated and unsaturated fatty acids
unsaturated have atleast one double bond
how are ester bonds formed in triglycerides
condensation, when a water molecule is released
whats a triglyceride
macromolecules
have long tails of hydrocarbons(H and C)
the tails are hydrophobic
insoluble cus of tails
what happens when triglycerides breakdown
ester bonds are broken
what happens when ester bonds break and what causes them to
hydrolysis reaction
water molecules are used up
whats cellulose made up of
long unbranched B glucose chains
what part of a phospholipid is hydrophillic
the head
what is the phosphate group
charged
what does the polar head do of a phospholipid
face water
what does polar mean
it has uneven polars
one B-
one B+
whats cholesterol
small molecule made of 4 carbon rings
hydrophillic head
hydrophobic tail
where does cholesterol sit
between phospholipid molecules of membrane
glycerol formula
C3 H8 O3
H
H C-OH
H C-OH
H C-OH
H
what bonds r found in triglycerides
ester bonds
how does glycerol turn into trigylcerides
cus is=t has 3 hydroxyl groups COOH
it can make 3 ester bonds formind a triglyceride
Glycerol+fatty acid=
ester and water
whats the formula for triglycerides
C55 H98 O6
H O H H H H H
H-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-C-H
H H H H H
O H H H H H
H-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-C-H
H H H H H
O H H H H H
H-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-C-H
H H H H H H
how many bonds can a carbon have
2
how many double bonds are there in a triglyceride
3 one on each level after the ester bond
the first carbon
does a fatty acid mix w water
NO ITS NONPOLAR
whats the carboxyl group
COOH
whats in saturated fatty acid
no double bonds and a straight chain
what melting point does a fatty acid have and where is it found
in an animal
high melting point
what does the double bond cause in an unsaturated fatty acid
a kink
what are the functions of triglycerides
ENERGY STORE 2X ENERGY THAN CARBS
COMPACT
INSOLUBLE
CAN BE STORAGE AT HIGH CONC
BUOYANT
LOW DENSITY
INSULATION
whats a polar molecule
a molecule with an uneven distribution of electrons
