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BIOLOGY OCR A > molecules WATER LIPIDS CARBS > Flashcards

molecules WATER LIPIDS CARBS Flashcards

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1
Q

what bonds are monosaccharides bonded with

A

glycocidic

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2
Q

what do monosaccharides form toghether to make

A

poly and disaccharides

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3
Q

whens a polysaccaride formed

A

when 2 or more monosaccharides join

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4
Q

whats starch a mix of

A

2 poly saccarides of A glucose

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5
Q

what gives amylose a coiled structure?

A

the angles of glyycosidic bonds between the A gluucose molecules

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6
Q

why does amylopectin having a branched structure allow enzymes to breakdown faster

A

due to its side branches,it exposes the glycosidic bonds quicker, allowing glucose to be released quicker

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7
Q

why is starch good for storage

A

its insoluble, meaning it isnt enter cells via osmosis, reducing swelling

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8
Q

name 3 polsaccharides

A

starch
glycogen
cellulose

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9
Q

whats glycogen used for

A

energy storage in animals

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10
Q

how is glycogen synthase enabling in its enzyme function of forming glycogen

A

it has an active site which is complementary to the substrate

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11
Q

most soluble carbohydrate

A

glucose

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12
Q

saturated lipid formula

A

COOH

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13
Q

whats a triglyceride

A

energy storage molecule in animals and plants

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14
Q

where and what are phospholipids

A

they make up the phospholipid bilayer and are found in cell membranes

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15
Q

whats the difference between staturated and unsaturated fatty acids

A

unsaturated have atleast one double bond

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16
Q

how are ester bonds formed in triglycerides

A

condensation, when a water molecule is released

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17
Q

whats a triglyceride

A

macromolecules
have long tails of hydrocarbons(H and C)
the tails are hydrophobic
insoluble cus of tails

18
Q

what happens when triglycerides breakdown

A

ester bonds are broken

19
Q

what happens when ester bonds break and what causes them to

A

hydrolysis reaction
water molecules are used up

20
Q

whats cellulose made up of

A

long unbranched B glucose chains

21
Q

what part of a phospholipid is hydrophillic

A

the head

22
Q

what is the phosphate group

A

charged

23
Q

what does the polar head do of a phospholipid

A

face water

24
Q

what does polar mean

A

it has uneven polars
one B-
one B+

25
Q

whats cholesterol

A

small molecule made of 4 carbon rings
hydrophillic head
hydrophobic tail

26
Q

where does cholesterol sit

A

between phospholipid molecules of membrane

27
Q

glycerol formula

A

C3 H8 O3
H
H C-OH
H C-OH
H C-OH
H

28
Q

what bonds r found in triglycerides

A

ester bonds

29
Q

how does glycerol turn into trigylcerides

A

cus is=t has 3 hydroxyl groups COOH
it can make 3 ester bonds formind a triglyceride

30
Q

Glycerol+fatty acid=

A

ester and water

31
Q

whats the formula for triglycerides

A

C55 H98 O6
H O H H H H H
H-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-C-H
H H H H H
O H H H H H
H-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-C-H
H H H H H
O H H H H H
H-C-O-C-C-C-C-C-C-H
H H H H H H

32
Q

how many bonds can a carbon have

A

2

33
Q

how many double bonds are there in a triglyceride

A

3 one on each level after the ester bond
the first carbon

34
Q

does a fatty acid mix w water

A

NO ITS NONPOLAR

35
Q

whats the carboxyl group

A

COOH

36
Q

whats in saturated fatty acid

A

no double bonds and a straight chain

37
Q

what melting point does a fatty acid have and where is it found

A

in an animal
high melting point

38
Q

what does the double bond cause in an unsaturated fatty acid

A

a kink

39
Q

what are the functions of triglycerides

A

ENERGY STORE 2X ENERGY THAN CARBS
COMPACT
INSOLUBLE
CAN BE STORAGE AT HIGH CONC
BUOYANT
LOW DENSITY
INSULATION

40
Q

whats a polar molecule

A

a molecule with an uneven distribution of electrons

BIOLOGY OCR A (9 decks)

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