Proteins Flashcards
IMPORTANT TABLE
TABLE ON MACROMOLECULES, MONOMERS AND LINKAGE
What are proteins?
Proteins are complex molecules and do most of the work in cells. They are important to the structure, function, and regulation of the body.
What is the control elements(enzymes) of proteins?
• Organic catalysts
• Mediators of metabolism
• Direct development,
maintenance, and growth
What is the structural elements of proteins?
Structural elements (cell
membrane, muscles, ligaments,
hair, fingernails)
What is the elements in biological molecules TABLE
What is configuration?
- An arrangement of parts or elements in a particular form, figure, or combination. - - Changing configuration requires bond breakage.
- Configuration defines the molecule’s chemical reactivity and type of
bonding it participates in
What is conformation?
- Spatial arrangements of atoms in a molecule that can be obtained
by rotation of the atoms about a single bond. - No bond breakage required to change conformation
What is chirality?
• The property of a molecule that makes the molecule and its mirror
image non-superimposable.
• If there are no chiral centers in the molecule the molecule is not
chiral (achiral)
• Look for an asymmetric carbon centre (4 different ‘things bound’)
What is the anti-clockwise - L-Form?
What is the Fischer convention?
Why proteins can fold, are stable, and can interact with other biomolecules?
- The main reason for protein to get folded is to acquire its function. The function implies a general architecture of the protein which has to be stable enough in time and has to be flexible enough to allow the biological process to occur.
- Proteins bind to each other through a combination of hydrophobic bonding, van der Waals forces, and salt bridges at specific binding domains on each protein. These domains can be small binding clefts or large surfaces and can be just a few peptides long or span hundreds of amino acids.
What are the major functions of proteins?
- transport of necessary chemicals.
- control of biochemical reactions.
- protection against foreign substances.
What is a racemic mixture?
Organic synthesis of a chiral molecule leads to equal quantities of both
optical isomers called a racemic mixture.
What are the four building blocks for biomolecules?
What is the non-polar side chains amino acids building blocks?
What is the polar side chains amino acids building blocks?
How to calculate the theoretical molar absorption coefficient?
What are polar uncharged and R groups?
What are charged amino acids? positively and negatively charged
