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BMOL1001 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Is there an increase in electron negativity on the period as it goes from left to right? Why?

A

Yes because it becomes more difficult to lose an electron and easier to gain one.

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2
Q

What happens when an ionic bond forms between metal and non-metal? Include example

A
  • Results in full outer shells
  • The metal loses electrons the non-metal gains electrons.
  • Bonding is ionic with a positive charge on metal and negative charge on non-metal.
  • Salts dissociate when dissolved in water.
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3
Q

What are lipids?

A

– Any fat soluble naturally occurring compounds that are insoluble in water.

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4
Q

What is the functions of lipids?

A

structure of membranes

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5
Q

What are lipid soluble in?

A

They are soluble in chloroform, ether and hot alcohol.

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6
Q

Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

They are hydrophobic (water fearing)

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7
Q

What are the classes of lipids?

A 
• Waxes, fats and oils
 – Esters of various alcohols
with fatty acids
    • Triglycerides
    • Glycero-phospholipids
    • Sphingolipids
    • Glycosphingolipids
 – Waxes are usually long
chain alcohol esters with
fatty acids
• Steroids and sterols
 – These are terpenes
• Vitamins
 – Various classes but mainly terpenes
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8
Q

What are lipids used for?

A
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9
Q

What lipids are amphipathic?

A

phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids

-glycerophospholipds

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10
Q

What is the structure of fatty acids and triglycerides?

A
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11
Q

What is the melting points of lipids?

A
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12
Q

What changes would decrease the fluidity of lipids?

A

Increasing the level of saturation of the fatty acids in lipids

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13
Q

What to name conventions for fatty acids in lipids?

A
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14
Q
A

A

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15
Q

What is the systematic name of the fatty acid labelled ‘C’?

A

(6E) 6‐decenoic acid

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16
Q

What is one of lipids biological functions?

A

• insulator and shock absorber for organs.
• Transport and storage of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K in liver and adipose cells
– Vitamin A
• Vision
– Vitamin D
• Innate immunity
– Vitamin E
• Fat soluble antioxidant (Free radical
scavenger)
– Vitamin K
• Blood clotting
• Water proofing
– Waxes on plant leaves.
• Water runs off the leaves and prevents
loss of nutrients and water. Pores
(stomata) mainly on the undersurface
allow gas exchange.
– Skin is water proof due to a lipid layer.
• Pores allow sweating to cool us by
evaporation
• energy storage
– Fat has twice the energy density of carbohydrate

17
Q

How to breakdown fats and oils?

A

Hydrolysis

18
Q

What is hydrolysis of ester bonds?

A
19
Q

What are the two types of chemical hydrolysis which break down fats?

A
20
Q

How to break down triglyceride?

A
  • detergents required so water and enzyme can access the triglyceride
    • Bile salts from liver and gall bladder “dissolve” the lipid droplets in the small intestine so pancreatic lipase will work.
21
Q

How are fatty acids, monoacylglycerides and cholesterol from the small intestine repackaged?

A
22
Q

What is the main purpose of chylomicrons and where are they produced?

A

They are produced by the intestinal mucosa to transport lipids in the circulatory
system.

23
Q

Which organ is the main source of cholesterol in the body?

A

Liver

24
Q

Partial hydrogenation and
temperature can isomerise the
natural cis or Z isomers in fats and
oils to the trans or E isomer. TRUE OR FALSE

A

True

25
Q

What is the name of the process by which plant oils are treated to stabilise them for frying and make them melt at higher temperature?

A

hydrogenation

26
Q

What is the Gauchers disease?

A

Deficiency in the breakdown of
glucocerebroside (a sphingolipid)
– Glucocerebroside derivatives are found in brain,nerves, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

27
Q

Where does glucerebosides accumulate and what are the effects?

A

• Glucocerebroside accumulates in the liver, spleen, kidney, lungs, brain and bone marrow
– Enlarged liver and spleen
– Skeletal disorders, severe neurological complications
depending on severity

28
Q

What is hypercholesterolemia?

A

A disease in lipid uptake:
LDL receptors control LDL production and
uptake of lipids in LDL’s

29
Q

What leads to high levels of LDL in plasma which leads to artherosclerosis and heart disease?

A
  1. A genetic mutation in the LDL receptor
    prevents uptake of LDL
  2. A high cholesterol diet suppresses LDL
    receptor synthesis

BMOL1001 (4 decks)

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