Lipids Flashcards
Is there an increase in electron negativity on the period as it goes from left to right? Why?
Yes because it becomes more difficult to lose an electron and easier to gain one.
What happens when an ionic bond forms between metal and non-metal? Include example
- Results in full outer shells
- The metal loses electrons the non-metal gains electrons.
- Bonding is ionic with a positive charge on metal and negative charge on non-metal.
- Salts dissociate when dissolved in water.
What are lipids?
– Any fat soluble naturally occurring compounds that are insoluble in water.
What is the functions of lipids?
structure of membranes
What are lipid soluble in?
They are soluble in chloroform, ether and hot alcohol.
Are lipids hydrophobic or hydrophilic?
They are hydrophobic (water fearing)
What are the classes of lipids?
• Waxes, fats and oils
– Esters of various alcohols
with fatty acids
• Triglycerides
• Glycero-phospholipids
• Sphingolipids
• Glycosphingolipids
– Waxes are usually long
chain alcohol esters with
fatty acids
• Steroids and sterols
– These are terpenes
• Vitamins
– Various classes but mainly terpenesWhat are lipids used for?
What lipids are amphipathic?
phospholipids, cholesterol, and glycolipids
-glycerophospholipds
What is the structure of fatty acids and triglycerides?
What is the melting points of lipids?
What changes would decrease the fluidity of lipids?
Increasing the level of saturation of the fatty acids in lipids
What to name conventions for fatty acids in lipids?
A
What is the systematic name of the fatty acid labelled ‘C’?
(6E) 6‐decenoic acid
What is one of lipids biological functions?
• insulator and shock absorber for organs.
• Transport and storage of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E and K in liver and adipose cells
– Vitamin A
• Vision
– Vitamin D
• Innate immunity
– Vitamin E
• Fat soluble antioxidant (Free radical
scavenger)
– Vitamin K
• Blood clotting
• Water proofing
– Waxes on plant leaves.
• Water runs off the leaves and prevents
loss of nutrients and water. Pores
(stomata) mainly on the undersurface
allow gas exchange.
– Skin is water proof due to a lipid layer.
• Pores allow sweating to cool us by
evaporation
• energy storage
– Fat has twice the energy density of carbohydrate
How to breakdown fats and oils?
Hydrolysis
What is hydrolysis of ester bonds?
What are the two types of chemical hydrolysis which break down fats?
How to break down triglyceride?
- detergents required so water and enzyme can access the triglyceride
• Bile salts from liver and gall bladder “dissolve” the lipid droplets in the small intestine so pancreatic lipase will work.
How are fatty acids, monoacylglycerides and cholesterol from the small intestine repackaged?
What is the main purpose of chylomicrons and where are they produced?
They are produced by the intestinal mucosa to transport lipids in the circulatory
system.
Which organ is the main source of cholesterol in the body?
Liver
Partial hydrogenation and
temperature can isomerise the
natural cis or Z isomers in fats and
oils to the trans or E isomer. TRUE OR FALSE
True
