Proteins

Question 1

What are the 3 processes of the central dogma?

Answer 1

• Replication
• Transcription
• Translation

Question 2

What are DNA codons and what do they do?

Answer 2

• 3 nucleotide bases that each code for Amino acids

Question 3

What are proteins compounds of?

Answer 3

carbon, hydrogen, and 16% nitrogen. sometimes sulfur

Question 4

what are amino acids?

Answer 4

the building blocks of protein

Question 5

What’s the general structure of an amino acid?

Answer 5

amine group, carboxyl group, side chain and a chiral carbon

Question 6

Is the D or L isomer found in proteins?

Answer 6

L

Question 7

What are non-essential amino acids?

Answer 7

they are the 11 amino acids our body can make

Question 8

what are essential amino acids?

Answer 8

the 9 amino acids we can’t make and get from food

Question 9

how many amino acids are in polypeptide chains?

Answer 9

more than 50

Question 10

how many polypeptide chains do proteins have?

Answer 10

1 or more

Question 11

What type of reaction is a peptide bond?

Answer 11

dehydration synthesis reaction /condensation. a water molecule is produced.

Question 12

What is the N and C terminus on peptides?

Answer 12

N = side that has amine group on the end
C= side that has carboxyl group on the end

Question 13

Which side do you tend to find the N and C terminus?

Answer 13

N = Left
C = Right

Question 14

What is the primary structure of protein like?

Answer 14

Just a single chain of amino acids.

Question 15

What are the two secondary structures of protein that are most common?

Answer 15

• Alpha helix

- Beta folded sheets (parallel and antiparallel)

Question 16

How many amino acids per helix turn?

Answer 16

3.6

Question 17

where are the hydrogen bonds between?

Answer 17

amino acids 1 and 4

Question 18

what is the tertiary protein structure?

Answer 18

complete folding pattern

Question 19

What are two types of tertiary proteins?

Answer 19

globular - compact

fibrous - long and spindly

Question 20

What are tertiary structures maintained by?

Answer 20

hydrophobic interactions
H bonds
van der Waals 
ionic bonds
disulfide bridges

Question 21

What is quaternary structured protein?

Answer 21

2 or more separate polypeptides arranged

Question 22

What causes sickle cell?

Answer 22

1 amino acid in a subunit of hemoglobin is changed from glutamic acid to valine.