Proteins 1

Question 1

Define non-essential / conditionally essential / essential amino acids.

Answer 1

Non-essential = the body is able to produce them.

Conditionally essential = supplemented in diet for young or compromised.

Essential = body unable to produce them and must be acquired in the diet.

Question 2

What is the structure of an amino acid?

Answer 2

Central C atom, bound to H atom, variable side chain (R group), carboxyl (COO-) group, amino (NH3+) group.

Question 3

What are the 4 structure levels of proteins?

Answer 3

Primary = peptide bond formed (dipeptide -> oligopeptide)

Secondary = alpha helix / beta-pleated sheet

Tertiary = 3D conformation (H bonds, disulphide bonds)

Quaternary = multi-subunit protein

Question 4

What is the pentose phosphate pathway?

Answer 4

Glucose -> Glucose 6-phosphate -> Ribose 5-phosphate

Question 5

What is the glycolysis pathway?

Answer 5

Glucose 6-phosphate -> 3-phosphoglycerate -> Phosphoenolpyruvate -> Pyruvate

Question 6

What is the citric acid cycle?

Answer 6

Pyruvate -> Citrate -> Alpha-Ketoglutarate -> Oxaloacetate