protein trafficking Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the KDEL sequence

A

lysine-aspartic acid-glutamic acid-leucine

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2
Q

what is the purpose of the KDEL sequence?

A

marks ER-resident enzymes so they are transported from the Golgi back to the ER
kdel receptor on Golgi recognises KDEL sequence

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3
Q

N-linked glycosylation

A

sugar attached to nitrogen in asparagine

forms N-acetylglucosamine

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4
Q

O-linked glycosylation

A

sugar attached to oxygen in threonine

forms N-acetylgalactosamine

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5
Q

what is the quality control signal?

A

2 N-acetylglucosamine residues
many mannose residues
3 glucose residues

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6
Q

which residues does the initial addition of carbohydrates occur via?

A

asparadine

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7
Q

describe step by step process of protein glycosylation

A
  1. n-linked glycosylation in rough ER
  2. glucose residues removed in cis golgi
  3. mannose residues trimmed back
  4. attachment of N-acetylglucosamine on both sides
  5. addition of sialic acid/NANA
  6. sulphation of tyrosines and carbohydrates in trans golgi
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8
Q

type 1 diabetes

A

high blood glucose
misfolded proinsulin due to mutation
protease in secretory vesicle unable to cleave c-peptide off proinsulin
dysfunctional pro-insulin cannot bind to insulin receptors
antibodies generated against pancreatic cells - destruction of pancreatic cells

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9
Q

what is opiomelanocortin cleaved into in pancreas

A

ACTH

β-lipotropin

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10
Q

what is opiomelanocortin cleaved into in neuron?

A

⍺-MSH
β=MSH
γ-lipotropin
β-endorphin

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