PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Q3 Flashcards
This is the process that takes place in __________ which the cells generate new proteins. This process involves nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Protein Synthesis; ribosomes
Synthesis meaning?
to “make something”
What are the processes of protein synthesis
transcription and translation
It is a copy of a single gene. They have similar structures as to a DNA.
mRNA
It is the process under transcription of creating the equivalent RNA copy of a sequence of DNA.
RNA Synthesis
It is when DNA information must first be copied or transcribed to mRNA. This is done inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, since it is where DNA is stored.
Transcription
What are the three steps in transcription.
Initiation
elongation
termination
what happens in the initiation of transcription
where RNA polymerase (an enzyme that generates the formation of RNA) binds the promoter region of DNA
This is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA, binds to the promoter region of DNA.
RNA polymerase
The _________ is only a short sequence of DNA, located 25 nucleosides upstream of the site where transcription begins.
promoter region
What particular organelle is where protein synthesis is taken place.
ribosome
what happens in the elongation process of transcription.
RNA polymerase proceeds to separate two strands of DNA. reads the bases one by one and it adds nucleotides to the growing mRNA stand.
what happens in the elongation process in transcription
RNA polymerase zips DNA back up, keeping only 10-20 strand bases exposed.
What are the two strands that is used to synthesize mRNA?
Template stand
Anti-sense Strand
what happens in the termination process in transcription?
RNA polymerase and mRNA strand all separate from the DNA template strand.
This is the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA). It is the process in which cytoplasm synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA.
Translation
what is the whole process of the transcription of DNA to RNA is called.
gene expression
what happens in translation
mRNA through ribosomes transfers another type of RNA (tRNA) carries protein building blocks (amino acids) to the ribosome.
what is the special triplet of bases that is carried by tRNA called.
anticodon
what is the product of the translation process is called?
polypeptide
what happens in the termination stage of translation
once all amino acids are coded, mRNA have been linked, the completed protein is released from the ribosome.
where is the completed protein from the translation process is released from?
ribosome
This is the process in which a cell makes an exact copy of its own DNA (copy DNA -> DNA).
replication
How does replication occur
in the S-fase in preparation to cell division for the synthesis is transferred from the mother cell to the daughter cell
Why replicate DNA?
for each new cell receives the correct number of chromosomes
In order to unwind DNA, these interactions between base pairs must be broken. What enzyme does performs this.
DNA helicase
What happens in the process of elongation.
it is when a single chromosome is duplicated to form a double unit composed of two chromatids, attached together at the centromere
