PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Q3

Question 1

This is the process that takes place in __________ which the cells generate new proteins. This process involves nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer 1

Protein Synthesis; ribosomes

Question 2

Synthesis meaning?

Answer 2

to “make something”

Question 3

What are the processes of protein synthesis

Answer 3

transcription and translation

Question 4

It is a copy of a single gene. They have similar structures as to a DNA.

Answer 4

mRNA

Question 5

It is the process under transcription of creating the equivalent RNA copy of a sequence of DNA.

Answer 5

RNA Synthesis

Question 6

It is when DNA information must first be copied or transcribed to mRNA. This is done inside the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, since it is where DNA is stored.

Answer 6

Transcription

Question 7

What are the three steps in transcription.

Answer 7

Initiation
elongation
termination

Question 8

what happens in the initiation of transcription

Answer 8

where RNA polymerase (an enzyme that generates the formation of RNA) binds the promoter region of DNA

Question 9

This is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA, binds to the promoter region of DNA.

Answer 9

RNA polymerase

Question 10

The _________ is only a short sequence of DNA, located 25 nucleosides upstream of the site where transcription begins.

Answer 10

promoter region

Question 11

What particular organelle is where protein synthesis is taken place.

Answer 11

ribosome

Question 12

what happens in the elongation process of transcription.

Answer 12

RNA polymerase proceeds to separate two strands of DNA. reads the bases one by one and it adds nucleotides to the growing mRNA stand.

Question 13

what happens in the elongation process in transcription

Answer 13

RNA polymerase zips DNA back up, keeping only 10-20 strand bases exposed.

Question 14

What are the two strands that is used to synthesize mRNA?

Answer 14

Template stand
Anti-sense Strand

Question 15

what happens in the termination process in transcription?

Answer 15

RNA polymerase and mRNA strand all separate from the DNA template strand.

Question 16

This is the process by which a cell makes proteins using the genetic information carried in messenger RNA (mRNA). It is the process in which cytoplasm synthesize proteins after the process of transcription of DNA to RNA.

Answer 16

Translation

Question 17

what is the whole process of the transcription of DNA to RNA is called.

Answer 17

gene expression

Question 18

what happens in translation

Answer 18

mRNA through ribosomes transfers another type of RNA (tRNA) carries protein building blocks (amino acids) to the ribosome.

Question 19

what is the special triplet of bases that is carried by tRNA called.

Answer 19

anticodon

Question 20

what is the product of the translation process is called?

Answer 20

polypeptide

Question 21

what happens in the termination stage of translation

Answer 21

once all amino acids are coded, mRNA have been linked, the completed protein is released from the ribosome.

Question 22

where is the completed protein from the translation process is released from?

Answer 22

ribosome

Question 23

This is the process in which a cell makes an exact copy of its own DNA (copy DNA -> DNA).

Answer 23

replication

Question 24

How does replication occur

Answer 24

in the S-fase in preparation to cell division for the synthesis is transferred from the mother cell to the daughter cell

Question 25

Why replicate DNA?

Answer 25

for each new cell receives the correct number of chromosomes

Question 26

In order to unwind DNA, these interactions between base pairs must be broken. What enzyme does performs this.

Answer 26

DNA helicase

Question 27

What happens in the process of elongation.

Answer 27

it is when a single chromosome is duplicated to form a double unit composed of two chromatids, attached together at the centromere