ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Q3 Flashcards
It is made up of glands and the hormones they secrete.
endocrine system
what are the 8 primary HORMONE producers of the endocrine glands
brain
heart
lungs
liver
gastrointestinal mucosa
placenta
skin
thymus
what is the master gland of the endocrine glands.
pituitary
It is the chemical transmitter. It is released in small amounts from the glands, and is transported in the bloodstream to target organs or other cells. These are the chemical messengers.
Hormones
This can regulate growth development, mood, tissue, function, metabolism and sexual function.
Hormones
Homeostasis meaning?
balance
Is a collection of specialized cells located in the brain. It is the primary link between the two systems. Produces chemicals that either stimulate or suppress hormone secretions of the pituitary gland.
Hypothalamus
essential for the growth and development of bones, muscles, and other organs.
Growth Hormone (GH)
essential for the growth of the adrenal cortex.
Adrenocorticotropin
essential for the growth and development of the thyroid gland.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
it is a gonadotropic hormone
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
This stimulates the growth ovarian follicles in the female and the production of sperm in the male.
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
a gonadotropic hormone stimulating the development of corpus luteum in the female ovarian follicles and the production of testosterone in the male.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
What is the hormone of a male.
Testosterone
What are the hormones of a female
Estrogen
Progesterone
stimulates the development and growth of the mammary glands and milk production during pregnancy.
Prolactin (PRL)
regulates skin pigmentation and promotes the deposit of melanin in the skin after exposure to sunlight
Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH)
stimulates the reabsorption of water by the renal tubules. Hyposecretion of this hormone can result in diabetes insipidus.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
stimulates the uterus
Oxytocin
Synthetic version of oxytocin
Pitocin
effect on sleep/awake cycles and other biological events connected to them, such as a lower production of gastric secretions at night.
Melatonin
a neurotransmitter that regulates intestinal movements and affects appetite, mood, sleep, anger, and metabolism.
Serotonin
Also called as the “happy hormone”
Serotonin
Which plays a vital role in metabolism and regulates the body’s metabolic processes.
Thyroid gland
influences bone and calcium metabolism; maintains a homeostasis of calcium in the blood plasma
Calcitonin
essential to BMR – basal metabolic rate (the rate at which a person’s body burns calories while at rest); influences physical/mental development and growth
Thyroxine (T4)
Triodothyronine (T3)
In HYPERSECRETION of T3 and T4 what happens?
causes grave’s disease, goiter, basedow’s disease
In HYPOSECRETION of T3 and T4 what happens?
causes cretinism, myxedema, hashimoto’s disease
Which hormones gets secreted that plays a role in the metabolism of phosphorus.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
The _______________ are small clusters of cells located in the pancreas.
islets of Langerhans
Beta cells secrete the hormone ________, which is essential for the maintenance of normal blood sugar levels.
insulin
What happens if the alpha cells facilitate the breakdown of glycogen to glucose?
elevates the blood sugar
The triangular-shaped adrenal glands are located on the top of each kidney. The INSIDE is called ________ and the OUTSIDE LAYER is called the ________.
medulla;cortex
regulates carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism; has an anti-inflammatory effect; helps the body cope during times of stress
cortisol
like cortisol, it is a steroid; influences potassium and sodium metabolism
Corticosterone
essential in regulating electrolyte and water balance by promoting sodium and chloride retention and potassium excretion.
Aldosterone
several hormones including testosterone; they promote the development of secondary sex characteristics in the male.
androgens
is used to treat shock. It dilates the arteries, elevates systolic blood pressure, increases cardiac output, and increases urinary output.
Dopamine
It elevates systolic blood pressure, increases heart rate and cardiac output, speeds up the release of glucose from the liver. It is often used to counteract an allergic reaction
Epinephrine or adrenaline
is released when the body is under stress. creates the underlying influence in the fight or flight response. As a drug, however, it actually triggers a drop in heart rate.
Norepinephrine
___________ is essential for the growth, development, and maintenance of female sex organs
Estrogen
It prepares the uterus for pregnancy, promotes the development of mammary glands, plays a role in sex drive,
develop secondary sex characteristics in the female.
estrogen and progesterone
____________ is essential for normal growth and development of the male sex organs. is responsible for the erection of the penis.
testosterone
During pregnancies, it serves as an endocrine gland. It produces chorionic gonadotropin hormone, estrogen, and progesterone
placenta
The mucosa of the pyloric area of the stomach secretes the hormone _________, which stimulates the production of gastric acid for digestion.
gastrin
how many lobes does the thymus have?
two lobes
____________ is a ductless gland, and secretes __________. It is necessary for the thymus normal production of T cells for the immune system.
Thymus;thymosin
What are the primary GLAND producers
Pituitary
Pineal
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Islets of Langerhan
Ovaries
Testes
