Protein Synthesis And Meoisis Keyword Definition

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

Version of gene

Question 2

Anticodon

Answer 2

Sequence of 3 nucleotide bases at one end of tRNA molecule specific to an mRNA codon

Question 3

Chromatid

Answer 3

One strand of replicated chromosome

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

Long coiled molecule of DNA by which genetic information is passed from generation to generation

Question 5

Chromosome mutation

Answer 5

Change to the number or structure of chromosomes that can occur spontaneously

Question 6

Codon

Answer 6

Sequence of 3 bases on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 7

Crossing over

Answer 7

Process in meiosis 1 where homologous chromosomes pair up and thier chromatids wrap around one another and thier alleles are exchanged
Creates genetic variation

Question 8

Degenerate

Answer 8

More than one triplet can code for a particular amino acid

Question 9

Deletion

Answer 9

Gene mutation
One or more nucleotide bases removed from dna sequence

Question 10

Exon

Answer 10

Sequence of dna that codes for an amino acid sequence

Question 11

Fertilisation

Answer 11

Random fusion of haploid gametes to produce a diploid zygote

Question 12

Gene

Answer 12

Length of dna that codes for the production of one or more polypeptide chains and functional RNA

Question 13

Gene mutations

Question 14

Genetic code

Answer 14

Rules by which triplets in a sequence code for the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 15

Genome

Answer 15

The entire set of genes in a cell

Question 16

Histones

Answer 16

Proteins that together with DNA, form chromosomes in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells

Question 17

Homologous chromosome

Answer 17

A chromosome pair, one paternal and one maternal, with the same gene loci

Question 18

Intron

Answer 18

Non coding sequence of DNA

Question 19

Locus

Answer 19

The position of a gene on a chromosome

Question 20

Meiosis

Answer 20

Type of cell division that produces four genetically different daughter cells with a haploid number of chromosomes. Involves 2 divisions

Question 21

mRNA

Answer 21

Carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. Single helix

Question 22

Mitosis

Answer 22

Cell division that produced two genetically identical diploid daughter cells

Question 23

Mutagenic agent

Answer 23

Increases rate of gene mutations above normal level

Question 24

Non disjunction

Answer 24

Change in the number of chromosomes due to the failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis

Question 25

Non overlapping

Answer 25

Features of the genetic code, each base is read once and is only part of one triplet

Question 26

Recombination

Answer 26

When broken off pieces of chromatid combine with another chromatid on a different chromosome during crossing over

Question 27

Ribosomes

Answer 27

Sub cellular structures where protein synthesis takes place

Question 28

RNA polymerase

Answer 28

An enzyme that moves along the DNA template strand and joins adjacent nucleotides to form pre mRNA

Question 29

Splicing

Answer 29

Process following transcription in eukaryotic cells in which introns are removed from pre mRNA and exons joined to make mRNA

Question 30

Substitution

Answer 30

Mutation where one nucleotide base exchanged for another

Question 31

Transcription

Answer 31

Formation of pre mRNA in eukaryotes and mRNA in prokaryotes. First stage of protein synthesis

Question 32

tRNA

Answer 32

Carries specific amino acids to the ribosomes. Single stranded and is a clover leaf shape. Has an anti codon specific to the amino acid

Question 33

Translation

Answer 33

Second phase of protein synthesis takes place in the ribosomes. mRNA used as template for tRNA molecules to attach via complimentary anticodons and the amino acids join to form polypeptide chains

Question 34

Triplet

Answer 34

Sequence of three bases that code for an amino acid

Question 35

Universal

Answer 35

Code is the same in almost all organisms