Protein Synthesis

Question 1

what is a Svedberg unit?

Answer 1

a measure of mas and shape of organelles - higher S = larger mass.
not additive (20S+10S = not 30S)

Question 2

RNA qualities?

Answer 2

single stranded, Uracil not Thymine

Question 3

what is mRNA?

Answer 3

messenger RNA, printed as a long linear transcipt that is processed to the mature form (has a 5’CAP and a 3’Poly A Tail)

Question 4

what is rRNA?

Answer 4

ribosomal RNA, combines with proteins to form 80S ribosomes (made of 60S and 40S subunits)

Question 5

what is tRNA?

Answer 5

carry amino acids to ribosomes, very small, the anticodon has the amino acid attached.

Question 6

what turns on a gene?

Answer 6

transcription factors find their way into 5’ sequence on the first exon (promoter region)
transcription complex forms around the TATA bock
helix opens

Question 7

what turns off a gene?

Answer 7

repressors activated
inhibits RNA polymerase binding
complexes don’t form as lack of phosphorylation
enzymes not active - stable RNA

Question 8

what editing occurs to the primary transcript what is produced?

Answer 8

splicing forms PolyA-RNA mRNA

Question 9

what is the primary transcript of mRNA?

Answer 9

the mRNA copied straight from the DNA before splicing