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Topic 4 Genetics, biodiversity and classification > Protein synthesis > Flashcards

Protein synthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is DNA

A

A nucleic acid which provides the genetic code for the assembly of amino acids

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2
Q

What is the genetic code

A

The form of a sequence of nucleotide bases in the DNA molecule

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3
Q

What is the Genome

A

All the genes of an organism

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4
Q

What is a proteome

A

The full range of proteins a cell produces using its genes

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5
Q

What is the DNA code

A

The linear sequence of nucleotides that make up a non-overlapping triplet code

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6
Q

How is the DNA code read

A

One direction and is non-overlapping

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7
Q

What is the triplet code

A

A sequence of 3 bases which codes for a specific amino acid

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8
Q

What is a degenerate code

A

Several triplets may code for the same amino acid

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9
Q

What are some key features of the DNA code

A

It is a triplet code
The genetic code is universal, degenerate and non-overlapping

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10
Q

What does non-overlapping mean

A

Each base is only read once during transcription

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11
Q

What does a genetic code being universal mean

A

Same bases code for the same amino acids in all species

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12
Q

How is RNA similar to DNA

A

A polynucleotide made up of many nucleotides in a long chain
Contain nitrogenous bases A G C

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13
Q

How does RNA differ to DNA

A

Never contain the nitrogenous bases thymine and instead have uracil
Contain the sugar ribose not deoxyribose
Made up of one polynucleotide strand

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14
Q

What are two types of RNA

A

mRNA (messenger RNA)
tRNA (transfer RNA)

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15
Q

Describe mRNA

A

A single stranded molecule
Made up of a sugar phosphate backbone and exposed unpaired bases

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16
Q

Describe tRNA

A

A short strand of RNA nucleotides
Hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs present in some areas of the molecule
Amino acid binding site at one end
Specific anticodon of 3 unpaired bases on one arm

17
Q

Describe transcription

A

DNA helix unwinds to expose bases to act as a template
Only one chain of DNA acts as a template
The enzyme DNA helicase breaks hydrogen bonds between bases
Free floating mRNA nucleotides in the nucleus align opposite exposed complementary DNA bases
RNA polymerase bonds the RNA together creating a new RNA polymer chain
An entire gene is copied and then sent through the nuclear pores
mRNA is spliced and introns removed

18
Q

What happens after transcription

A

introns are spliced out leaving behind just the exons
pre-mRNA need to be modified to become mRNA

19
Q

Give an overview of translation

A

mRNA binds to a ribosome at a start codon
The ribosome

Topic 4 Genetics, biodiversity and classification (8 decks)

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