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DNA And Chromosomes > Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the process of making and controlling a genes characteristics called

A

Gene expressions

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2
Q

Gene expressions

A

Transcription
Translation

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA

A

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

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4
Q

What does mRNA do

A

It carries genetic messages that code for that codes for a particular protein from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

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5
Q

mRNA characteristics

A

Single stranded
Contains one gene
Short lifetime

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6
Q

Why does mRNA have a short lifetime?

A

So that it doesn’t continuously produce a specific protein.
The protein only exists for the time you need it for

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7
Q

tRNA characteristics

A

-About 80 nucleotides long
-folds up into complementary base pairings
-forms a looped clover leaf structure

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8
Q

Where does the amino acid bind on a tRNA

A

At the end of the molecule where the base sequence is always AAC

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9
Q

What is on the middle loop of a tRNA

A

There is a triplet nucleotide sequence called an anticodon

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10
Q

How many tRNA molecules are there

A

64 different tRNA molecules with 64 different anticodon sequences which are complementary to 64 codons

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11
Q

How do amino acids attach to the tRNA

A

Aminoacyl tRNA synthase (an enzyme)

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12
Q

What does transcription do in prokaryotes

A

It directly produces mRNA from DNA

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13
Q

What does transcription do in eukaryotes

A

It results in the production of pre-mRNA which is then spliced to form mRNA

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14
Q

What does tRNA stand for

A

Transfer RNA

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15
Q

What.does rRNA stand for

A

Ribosomal RNA

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16
Q

rRNA is forms

A

rRNA + proteins form ribosomes which are the site of mRNA translation and protein synthesis

17
Q

Where does transcription take place

A

Nucleus

18
Q

What’s at the start of each gene

A

A promoter (base sequence)

19
Q

First step in transcription

A

The promoter attaches to the promoter region and the H bonds are broken

20
Q

2nd step of transcription

A

-The DNA antisense strand is used as a template for the mRNA sense strand via the use of complementary base pairings they create a strand of mRNA

21
Q

3rd step of transcription

A

The new nucleotides are joined together by phosphodiester bonds via the use of RNA polymerase enzyme

22
Q

4th step

A

The primary strand of mRNA is called pre-mRNA which is an exact copy of the gene including introns which have to be spliced out

23
Q

5th step

A

The post transcriptional modifications are now complete, this is now mature mRNA

24
Q

What is translation

A

The conversion of a genetic message into an amino acid sequence

25
Q

Step 1 of translation

A

A ribosome attached to the mRNA using an invitation codon

DNA And Chromosomes (4 decks)

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