Protein Synthesis

Question 1

what are proteins made of?

Answer 1

amino acids joint together

Question 2

What is the genetic code made of?

Answer 2

many base triplets ( 3 nucleotides)

Question 3

What is a codon?

Answer 3

each code is for a particular amino acid

Question 4

what is the organisational flow for making a protein

Answer 4

DNA – RNA – Protein

Question 5

Is RNA also a nucleic acid like DNA?

Answer 5

Yes!

Question 6

What are the differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 6

• The sugar is Ribose instead of Deoxyribose

-RNA is single-stranded

• RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine to pair with Adenine

-RNA is not confined to the nucleus

Question 7

What is transcription

Answer 7

the process where a complementary section of a gene is created in order to make a protein

Question 8

What is Translation

Answer 8

when the mRNA leaves the nucleaus and enters the cytoplasm it makes its way to the Ribosomes

Question 9

What is mRNA made of?

Answer 9

mRNA is produced from a gene

Question 10

What is each codon matched with?

Answer 10

They are matched by an anticodon on the tRNA

Question 11

what does a gene consist of?

Answer 11

A unique sequence of nucleotides that codes for a functional protein or an RNA molecule.

Question 12

What are exons and introns?

Answer 12

coding (exons) and noncoding(introns) segments of DNA found in genes in eukaryotes

Question 13

How are exons and introns treated differently during transcription and translation in eukaryotes?

Answer 13

Both exons and introns are transcribed but only the information contained in exons is translated to form a polypeptide in eukaryotes

Question 14

Where does transcription primarily occur in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus

Question 15

DNA
Role in Transcription:

Answer 15

DNA serves as the template or blueprint for the synthesis of RNA molecules. During transcription, a specific segment of DNA unwinds, and one of its strands acts as a template for the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule.

Question 16

DNA
Role in Translation:

Answer 16

DNA itself does not participate directly in translation. Its primary role is to store genetic information that is transcribed into RNA, which then serves as the template for protein synthesis.

Question 17

mRNA (Messenger RNA)
Role in Transcription:

Answer 17

mRNA is synthesized during transcription. It carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Question 18

mRNA (Messenger RNA)
Role in Translation:

Answer 18

mRNA acts as the template for protein synthesis at the ribosome. Ribosomes “read” the sequence of codons on mRNA to assemble the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide chain.

Question 19

tRNA (Transfer RNA)
Role in Transcription:

Answer 19

tRNA is not directly involved in transcription.

Question 20

tRNA (Transfer RNA)
Role in Translation:

Answer 20

tRNA molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons present on the mRNA. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific mRNA codon, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.

Question 21

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
Role in Transcription:

Answer 21

rRNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleolus of the cell nucleus.

Question 22

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
Role in Translation:

Answer 22

rRNA is a major component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes consist of rRNA and protein, and they facilitate the interaction between mRNA and tRNA to ensure accurate and efficient translation of the genetic code into proteins.