Protein Synthesis Flashcards
what are proteins made of?
amino acids joint together
What is the genetic code made of?
many base triplets ( 3 nucleotides)
What is a codon?
each code is for a particular amino acid
what is the organisational flow for making a protein
DNA – RNA – Protein
Is RNA also a nucleic acid like DNA?
Yes!
What are the differences between DNA and RNA
- The sugar is Ribose instead of Deoxyribose
-RNA is single-stranded
- RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine to pair with Adenine
-RNA is not confined to the nucleus
What is transcription
the process where a complementary section of a gene is created in order to make a protein
What is Translation
when the mRNA leaves the nucleaus and enters the cytoplasm it makes its way to the Ribosomes
What is mRNA made of?
mRNA is produced from a gene
What is each codon matched with?
They are matched by an anticodon on the tRNA
what does a gene consist of?
A unique sequence of nucleotides that codes for a functional protein or an RNA molecule.
What are exons and introns?
coding (exons) and noncoding(introns) segments of DNA found in genes in eukaryotes
How are exons and introns treated differently during transcription and translation in eukaryotes?
Both exons and introns are transcribed but only the information contained in exons is translated to form a polypeptide in eukaryotes
Where does transcription primarily occur in eukaryotic cells?
In eukaryotic cells, transcription occurs in the nucleus
DNA
Role in Transcription:
DNA serves as the template or blueprint for the synthesis of RNA molecules. During transcription, a specific segment of DNA unwinds, and one of its strands acts as a template for the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule.
DNA
Role in Translation:
DNA itself does not participate directly in translation. Its primary role is to store genetic information that is transcribed into RNA, which then serves as the template for protein synthesis.
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
Role in Transcription:
mRNA is synthesized during transcription. It carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
Role in Translation:
mRNA acts as the template for protein synthesis at the ribosome. Ribosomes “read” the sequence of codons on mRNA to assemble the corresponding amino acids into a polypeptide chain.
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
Role in Transcription:
tRNA is not directly involved in transcription.
tRNA (Transfer RNA)
Role in Translation:
tRNA molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome based on the codons present on the mRNA. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that is complementary to a specific mRNA codon, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain.
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
Role in Transcription:
rRNA is transcribed from DNA in the nucleolus of the cell nucleus.
rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)
Role in Translation:
rRNA is a major component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. Ribosomes consist of rRNA and protein, and they facilitate the interaction between mRNA and tRNA to ensure accurate and efficient translation of the genetic code into proteins.
