Protein Synthesis Flashcards
1
Q
mRNA
A
A single polynucleotide strand which carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosomes
2
Q
tRNA
A
A single polynucleotide strand folded into a clover shape which carries amino acids to the ribosomes. Has an anticodon at one end and an amino acid binding site at the other
3
Q
What is splicing?
A
Introns removed from pre-mRNA and exons joined together, forming mRNA
4
Q
Protein synthesis main stages
A
Transcription - DNA to mRNA
Translation - mRNA to polypeptide
5
Q
Transcription
A
- DNA Helicase separates DNA strands, breaking hydrogen bonds
- Free RNA nucleotides attach to template strand by complimentary base pairing
- RNA Polymerase joins nucleotides together, forming phosphodiester bonds
- Hydrogen bonds reform
6
Q
Translation
A
- tRNA brings specific amino acid to ribosome
- Ribosome binds onto the mRNA at a start codon
- Anticodon binds to codon by complimentary base pairing
- Ribosome hold tRNA in place
- Amino acids joined together by condensation reaction with peptide bond using ATP
