Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

entire DNA of an organism

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

controls activities of cell (contains DNA)

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

a section of DNA which codes for a particular protein

Question 4

Structure of DNA

Answer 4

• double helix
• polymer
• made up of 4x diff nucleotides
• made up of sugar, phosphate & bases

Question 5

What is nucleotide made up of?

Answer 5

• deoxyribose sugar
• phosphate
• base : A-T G-C

Question 6

How is DNA extracted from fruit

Answer 6

• crush fruit (to break open cells
• add detergent (to break down cell membrane)
• add salt (to make DNa stick together)
• add protease enzymes (to remove proteins around DNA)
• filter through sieve (removes large insolubles)
• gently pour ice cold ethanol (to make DNA Precipitate)
• collect DNA using glads rod

Question 7

What base replaces thymine in RNA

Answer 7

uracil (U)

• A-U
• RNA - single stranded

Question 8

Codon

Answer 8

3 bases found on mRNA corresponding to single a amino acid

Question 9

Anticodon

Answer 9

3 complementary bases found on tRNA pairing up with codon

Question 10

Protein synthesis
Transcription

Answer 10

• mRNA strands travel out nucleus
• attaches to ribosome

• tRNA in cytoplasm have complementary anticodons on one end
• other end of tRNA molecule has an amino acid attaches
• tRNA brings amino acid to mRNA
• codon matches with anticodon
• polypeptide chain folds to make protein

Question 11

Protein Synthesis
Transcription

Answer 11

• RNA polymerase binds to DNA non-coding region
• 2 strands of DNA unzip and RNA polymerase moves along DNA strand
• base pairing between dna and rna ensures MRNA complementary to gene
• mRNA molecules move out of nucleus + joins with ribosome