Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What is the role of DNA in protein synthesis?
to carry genetic information and dictate the process of protein synthesis
Make a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting DNA and RNA:
Watch Video:
https://www.google.com/search?q=venn+diagram+of+dna+and+rna&rlz=1C5GCEM_enUS1012US1013&oq=venn+diag&aqs=chrome.2.0i67i433i650j69i57j0i67i650j0i67i433i650l3j0i67i650j0i67i433i650j0i512l2.3236j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#kpvalbx=_755iZKbzOJuLur8P56ej4A8_30
What are 3 types of RNA? And their function?
mRNA (messenger RNA): it provides the template for protein synthesis during translation
tRNA (transfer RNA): it brings amino acids and reads the genetic code during translation
rRNA (ribosomal RNA): it plays a structural and catalytic role during translation.
What is the function of mRNA?
mRNA or Messenger RNA code for translation
What is the function of rRNA?
rRNA or ribosomal RNA forms parts of ribosome
What is the function of tRNA
tRNA or transfer RNA brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make growing protein
A codon is located on what type of RNA?
mRNA
What is a codon?
A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides that codes for an amino acid.
An anticodon is located on what type of RNA?
transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule:
An anticodon is a trinucleotide sequence located at one end of a
transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is complementary to a corresponding codon in a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence.
What type of RNA is copied from DNA?
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules
The majority of genes carried in a cell’s DNA specify the amino acid sequence of proteins; the RNA molecules that are copied from these genes (which ultimately direct the synthesis of proteins) are called messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules.
Describe the role of RNA polymerase in protein synthesis.
RNA Polymerase is an important protein that plays a vital role in the body. It helps to copy genetic information into mRNA, which becomes protein
Why is mRNA referred to as the messenger?
because they carry instructions for producing proteins from one part of the cell to another
Describe why the structure of mRNA suits its function (the structure and function of mRNA must be in your description)
What determines the sequence of RNA nucleotides in the mRNA molecule?
the match between the DNA code and the incoming nucleotides
The product of transcription is …
RNA
What part of the DNA molecule is being used in transcription?
the promoter
Transcription of a gene takes place in what three stages
initiation, elongation, and termination
What are genes?
The basic unit of heredity passed from parent to child.
Genes are made up of sequences of DNA and are arranged, one after another, at specific locations on chromosomes in the nucleus of cells.
Where does transcription take place?
nucleus
What are introns?
Introns, non-functional segments of RNA are snipped out of chain
What are exons?
Exons, segments of RNA that are are expressed into proteins are then rejoined by an enzyme
Why are introns spliced out of new made mRNA?
in order for the mRNA to encode a protein with the right sequence
If the spliceosome fails to remove an intron, an mRNA with extra “junk” in it will be made, and a wrong protein will get produced during translation.
Why are exons kept?
they contain information for making a protein
How many nucleotides make up a codon?
Three
A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis (stop signals).
