Protein Synthesis Flashcards
Lactase
an enzyme involved in the digestion of lactose
Gene
a specific sequence of DNA that encodes a protein, tRNA, or rRNA, or that regulated the transcription of such a sequence
Protein synthesis
amino acids forming larger protein molecules under the direction of DNA
Protein
organic macromolecule assembled form subunits of amino acids
Amino acid
an organic compound consisting of a carboxylic acid group, an amino group, and other side groups linked together by peptide bonds to form proteins; the building blocks of proteins
Transcription
a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) is produced that is complementary to a segment of DNA
Translation
second stage of gene expression, in which the mRNA nucleotide sequence directs the synthesis of a polypeptide with the aid of tRNA
mRNA (messenger RNA)
strand of RNA that carries genetic information form DNA to the protein synthesis machinery of the cell during transcription
Sense strand
the one strand of nucleotides from the double-stranded DNA molecule that is transcribed
Anti-sense strand
strand of nucleotides form the double-stranded DNA molecule that is complementary to the sense strand and is not transcribed
RNA polymerase
main enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA from the DNA template
Promoter region
during transcription, a sequence of nucleotides on the DNA molecule tells the RNA polymerase complex where to bind
Codon
set of three bases that code for an amino acid or termination signal
tRNA (transfer RNA)
type of RNA that works with messenger RNA (mRNA) to direct the synthesis of a polypeptide ina. process known as translation
Anticodon
specialized base triplet locate on one lobe of a transfer RNA molecule that recognizes its complementary codon on a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule
