Genetic Engineering Flashcards
Genetic engineering
manipulation of genetic material to alter genes and blend plant, animal, and bacterial DNA
Recombinant DNA
a molecule of DNA that includes genetic material form different sources
Restriction endonuclease
a type of restriction enzyme that recognizes a specific, short sequence f nucleotides within, rather than at the ends of, a strand of DNA,a nd then cuts the strand at that particular point within the sequence
Restriction enzyme
an enzyme that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences creating fragments
Target sequence
in DNA replication,a short sequence of nucleotides within a strand of DNA where restriction endonucleases will cut
Restriction site
a specific location within a short sequence of nucleotides in a strand of DNA where restriction endonucleases will cut
Restriction fragment
a small segment of DNA cut from a DNA molecule by restriction endoucleases
Sticky end
a short sequence of unpaired nucleotides remaining at each end of a restriction fragment on a single strand of DNA after an endonuclease makes a staggered cut at the restriction site
DNA ligase
an enzyme that splices together Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand or sticky ends that have been cut by a restriction endonuclease during DNA replciation
Chimera
a genetically engineered organism that contains DNA from unrelated species
Plasmid
small self-duplication loop of DNA in a prokaryotic cell that is separate from the main chromosome and contains from one to a few genes
Bioremediation
use of living cells to perform environmental clean-up tasks, such as using bacteria to degrade PCBs into harmless compounds
Transgenic organism
produced by incorporating the DNA from one organism into another to create a new genetic combination
Cloning
creating genetically identical organisms
Gene replacement therapy
the process of changing the function of genes to treat or prevent genetic disorders
