protein synthesis Flashcards
what shape is DNA and what does it make up
double helix and our genetic code
what are the 4 bases and which go with each
adenine + thymine
cytosine + guanine
how does DNA replicate itself
by unzipping itself along the middle and then it fills in the other half which creates 2 identical copies
how do the base pairs code for everything
by telling our body how to make proteins
what are proteins made of
amino acids bonded together with a peptide to form a polypeptide chain
what is a codon
3 bases and they code for one particular amino acid
what is a gene
a sequence of instructions for amino acid to form a unique protein and DNA is a collection of them
what is transcription
this is when the information from the DNA is transcribed and recorded on a form of RNA called mRNA (which is short for messenger RNA) and then the mRNA leaves the nucleus with the info to the ribosomes
what do the ribosomes do
create proteins
what is in the place of Thymine in RNA
uracil
what is translation
this is when the mRNA joins to joins to the ribosomes and allows it to read the info. they then decode the message so that it can order the amino acids correctly with the help of tRNA.
what is tRNA’s role
the code is broken into triplets so it can be translated by tRNA. every amino acid is attached to a tRNA which each have a triplet code of their own made of 3 bases and then the ribosomes match the tRNA with the mRNA. the amino acids which are now in the right order bond together to make a polypeptide chain which makes a protein.
what does tRNA stand for
transfer RNA
