Protein Styntheisis

Question 1

What is transcription ?

Answer 1

When you take a single strand of DNA and copy it into mRNA

Question 2

What is translation ?

Answer 2

When you use the mRNA strand and form a protein

Question 3

Why does translation have to happen ?

Answer 3

A specific sequence of bases to create a specific protein must be read by the ribosomes but they are outside the nucleus and DNA is too big to leave the nucleus

Question 4

what does mRNA stand for ?

Answer 4

Messenger RNA

Question 5

What is mRNA ?

Answer 5

A copy of a single gene

Question 6

Differences between mRNA and DNA ?

Answer 6

1. Much shorter than DNA
2. Only a single strand
3. Contains Uracil instead of Thymine

Question 7

How does transcription happen ?

Answer 7

• RNA polymerase attaches to DNA.
• DNA splits exposing bases
• RNA reads DNA, making an RNAcopy.
• Transcription ends at a specified signal.
• Result: RNA (messenger RNA or mRNA) carries genetic instructions.
• mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to ribosome

mRNA bases will be complementary to DNA**

Question 8

How does translation happen ?

Answer 8

1. mRNA strand and ribosome bind together
2. Ribosome reads mRNA, as tRNA brings amino acids and complementary anticodon
3. For every codon a new amino acid comes with the complementary codon
4. A chain of amino acids is formed as the ribosome moves down the mRNA
5. The first tRNA detaches leaving the amino acid
6. Once a chain is made the ribosome will detach leaving the amino acids

Outcome: A protein is formed using the amino acids in the correct sequence