Protein&Nucleic Acid

Question 1

What is a protein?

Answer 1

Complex molecule that performs more jobs in the cell than others

Proteins are the most diverse and important molecules in biological systems.

Question 2

Proteins are made from how many kinds of smaller molecules?

Answer 2

20 kinds of smaller molecules called Amino acids

Question 3

What elements are proteins composed of?

Answer 3

C, H, O

Question 4

What role do proteins play when cells are damaged?

Answer 4

Proteins are manufactured for repair

Question 5

How many essential amino acids must be obtained from food?

Answer 5

9 essential amino acids

Question 6

What is the function of enzymes?

Answer 6

Biological catalysts that lower the activation energy to allow cell to carry out chemical reactions quickly

Question 7

What do the names of enzymes typically end with?

Answer 7

Usually end in ‘ase’

Question 8

Name two types of nucleic acids.

Answer 8

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Question 9

What are nucleic acids made up of?

Answer 9

Polymers consisting of monomers called nucleotides

Question 10

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Answer 10

• 5-carbon-sugar
• A phosphate group
• A nitrogenous base

Question 11

List the nitrogenous bases found in DNA.

Answer 11

• Adenine (A)
• Thymine (T)
• Cytosine (C)
• Guanine (G)

Question 12

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 12

Double stranded helix

Question 13

What sugar component is found in DNA?

Answer 13

Deoxyribose

Question 14

What is the structure of RNA?

Answer 14

Single-stranded chain

Question 15

What sugar component is found in RNA?

Answer 15

Ribose

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The complementary base pairs in DNA are A-T and _____ - C.

Answer 16

G

Question 17

True or False: Uracil (U) is found in DNA.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What are the two main functions of proteins?

Answer 18

• Build structures
• Participate in chemical activities

Question 19

What are digestive enzymes that break down carbohydrates called?

Answer 19

Carbohydrases

Question 20

What are digestive enzymes that break down fats called?

Answer 20

Lipases

Question 21

What are digestive enzymes that break down proteins called?

Answer 21

Proteinases

Question 22

What is the generalized structure of an amino acid characterized by?

Answer 22

A unique R group that distinguishes one amino acid from another