Macromolecule Of Life Flashcards
What are organic compounds?
Compounds containing carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
What do many organic molecules contain?
Rings or chains of carbon atoms with additional atoms attached (functional groups).
What is a functional group?
It gives the organic molecule specific chemical properties.
What are the 5 important functional groups?
- Hydroxyl
- Carboxyl
- Amino
- Sulfhydryl
- Phosphate
What is the role of food in living organisms?
Food provides energy.
What are macromolecules?
Larger organic molecules with dozens of carbon atoms and many functional groups.
What is a polymer?
A large molecule made up of repeating units (monomers).
What is the monomer of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharide.
What is the monomer of lipids?
Fatty acid.
What is the monomer of proteins?
Amino acid.
What are the 4 major categories of macromolecules?
- Carbohydrates (CHO)
- Proteins
- Lipids (fats)
- Nucleic acids - DNA/RNA
What are the 6 types of nutrients in our food?
- Carbohydrates (CHO)
- Proteins
- Lipids (fats)
- Water
- Vitamins
- Minerals
What do carbohydrates provide?
Energy for brain and muscles during physical activity.
Examples: bread, pasta, vegetables, fruits.
What are the functions of lipids (fats)?
Store energy, protect organs, help in the absorption of vitamins, essential for cell membrane and hormone production.
Examples: olive oil, butter, avocado, nuts.
What are the functions of proteins?
Build and repair tissues, produce enzymes and hormones, support immune function.
Examples: meat, fish, egg, tofu.