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nutrition and health - 2 > Protein + Malnutrition > Flashcards

Protein + Malnutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three different types of amino acids?

A

essential (dietary), nonessential (endogenous), conditionally essential (body can’t make enough)

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2
Q

What is protein sparing?

A

the body uses up energy from carbohydrates and fat before protein

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3
Q

How do we determine protein adequacy?

A

nitrogen balance (nitrogen intake = nitrogen output)

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4
Q

What is positive nitrogen balance?

A

protein synthesis exceeds breakdown (growing children, pregnant women)

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5
Q

What is negative nitrogen balance?

A

protein breakdown exceeds synthesis (starvation, illness, etc)

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6
Q

What is the RDA for protein in adults over 19?

A

0.8 g/kg

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7
Q

Which groups of people have the highest protein RDA?

A

lactating women (1.3 g/kg) and athletes (1.2-2.0 g/kg)

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8
Q

Why is it better to choose plant-based protein?

A

provides more fibre and less saturated fat (heart health)

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9
Q

Why are high-quality proteins recommended?

A

they have almost a complete set of amino acids and is easily digested

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10
Q

What are complementary proteins and mutual supplementation?

A

two or more proteins whose amino acid composition complement each other; combining 2 incomplete protein sources

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11
Q

What is a good description of malnutrition?

A

a pathologic state characterized an imbalance among nutrient intake, absorption, and requirements

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12
Q

What are the three ways our body expends energy?

A

basal metabolism (50-65%), physical activity (30-50%), thermic effect of food (10%)

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13
Q

What hormone is a key BMR regulator?

A

thyroxine

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14
Q

What is the simple formula for estimating energy requirement?

A

25-35 kcal/kg

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15
Q

What is the BMI formula?

A

kg/m2

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16
Q

What body shape is associated with visceral fat?

A

apple (abdominal)

17
Q

What body shape is associated with peripheral/subcutaneous fat?

A

pear shape (just below skin)

18
Q

What is a simple and practical way to estimate abdominal fat?

A

waist circumference

19
Q

What diseases are associated with a large waist circumference?

A

type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, hypertension

20
Q

What are the three methods used to assess body fat?

A

fatfold measurement, DEXA, DIA bioelectrical impedance

21
Q

What is the strongest predictor of food insecurity?

A

income

22
Q

Who are at greatest risk of food insecurity?

A

low income, female single parent, social assistance, black and aboriginal households, renters

23
Q

What is the most severe form of malnutrition?

A

kwashiorkor

24
Q

What occurs when the diet delivers too little protein AND energy?

A

protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)

25
Q

What are the ABCD’s to diagnosing malnutrition?

A

A - unintentional weight loss/body weight. B - albumin. C - muscle and fat wasting. D. suboptimal intake.

nutrition and health - 2 (4 decks)

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