Fats + Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the greatest storage form of energy?

A

adipose tissue

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2
Q

What characteristic of fats impacts our health?

A

QUALITY

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3
Q

What are some diseases that a fatty diet can cause?

A

raised blood cholesterol, cardiovascular risks, hypertension

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4
Q

What are the two functions of fats?

A

provide energy and store it, hormones secreted in response to fat regulates appetite

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5
Q

What is the dietary and storage form of fat?

A

triglycerides

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6
Q

What makes up triglycerides?

A

3 fatty acids (tri) and 1 glycerol

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7
Q

What type of fats has only singly bonds between the carbon chains?

A

saturated fats

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8
Q

What makes up phospholipids?

A

glycerol backbone, 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphate group

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9
Q

What is the function of phospholipids?

A

emulsifier and transporter for fat molecules across the cell membrane

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10
Q

What are the large fat molecules found in plant and animal food sources?

A

sterols

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11
Q

Which sterol is exclusively found in animals?

A

cholesterol

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12
Q

What essential fatty acid is omega 6, and also called arachadonic acid?

A

linoleic acid

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13
Q

What essential fatty acid is omega 3, and can make fish oils?

A

linolenic acid

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14
Q

What are some functions of essential fatty acids?

A

helps regulate body functions, structural components for cell membrane

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15
Q

How do you get trans fats?

A

hydrogenation

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16
Q

How does hydrogenation work?

A

hydrogen atoms are added to mono and poly unsaturated fats (more saturated)

17
Q

What type of fat is worst for your diet?

A

trans fats

18
Q

What are some diseases that trans fats increase the risk of?

A

cardiovascular disease (coronary artery disease), high LDL cholesterol

19
Q

What is the difference between LDL and HDL?

A

HDL - cholesterol delivered into the liver for processing; LDL - takes it out liver to store into tissues

20
Q

Where do we find saturated fats?

A

animal products or tropical oils

21
Q

Is coconut oil bad for you?

A

no, but not good; increases both LDL and HDL

22
Q

What is polyunsaturated fats good for?

A

brain health

23
Q

What essential fatty acid can be converted to EPA and DHA?

A

linoleic acid

24
Q

What type of fat does butter contain?

A

saturated fat

25
What does the mediterranean diet consist of?
lots of FV and whole grains -> seafood -> poultry, eggs, yogurt -> meats and veg
26
What is the DASH diet?
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension
27
What does the DASH diet put emphasis on?
low sodium, legumes over red meat, 30% of calories from unsaturated fat
28
What is the EAR and DRI for sodium?
1500, 2000
29
Where do we find a lot of sodium?
bakery products and mixed dishes
30
High potassium helps our body in what way?
better blood pressure and reduces heart risk
31
What is the recommended amount of potassium?
2600 mg
32
What type of food contains a lot of potassium?
fresh fruits and vegetables