Protein in Animal Nutrition Flashcards
are complex organic nitrogenous compounds made up of amino acids.
proteins
proteins contain of what elements?
° carbon
° hydrogen
° oxygen
° nitrogen
° sulphur
° phosphorus
how many percent nitrogen that proteins contain?
16 percent nitrogen
are amphoteric in nature and exist as dipolar ions in aqueous solution.
amino acids
have a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl group.
amino acids
are hydrolyzed by enzymes, acids or alkalies into amino acids.
proteins
isoelectric point for a given amino acid at which it is electrically neutral.
pH value
amino acids classified into three groups, namely:
° aliphatic
° aromatic
° heterocyclic
7 mono amino-mono carboxylic acids (neutral amino acids)
- glycine
- alanine
- serine
- threoninen
- valine
- leucine
- isoleucine
it is the simplest of the amino acids
glycine
2 mono-amino carboxylic acid (acidic amino acid)
- aspartic acid
- glutamic acid
3 Di-amino mono carboxylic acids (basic amino acids)
- Lysine
- Arginine
- Citrulline
2 Sulphur containing amino acids
- Methionine
- Cysteine
2 Aromatic Amino Acids
- Phenyl alanine
- Tyrosine
2 heterocyclic amino acids
- histidine
- proline
- hydroxyproline
- tryptophane
Classification of amino acids
° Aliphatic Amino Acids
° Aromatic Amino Acids
° Heterocyclic Amino Acids
What are the Non polar aliphatic amino acids (A.A)
° Glycine
° Alanine
° Valine
° Leucine
° Isoleucine
° Methionine
What are the Polar uncharged A.A?
° Proline
° Serine
° Threonine
° Asparagine
° Glutamine
° Cysteine
what are the Aromatic Side Chain A.A?
° Phenyl alanine
° Tyrosin
° Tryptophane
Functions of proteins
° it is essential for the growth and development of the body
° help in maintaining the loss of body tissues and muscles
° they also supply energy to the body
one needed by the animal that cannot be synthesized by the animal in the amounts needed.
essential amino acid
one needed by the animals that can be formed from other amino acids by the animals.
non-essential amino acid
what are the essential amino acid?
° arginine
° histidine
° iso-leucine
° leucine
° lysine
° *methionine
° phenylalanine
° threonine
° tryptohan
° valine
what are the non-essential amino acids?
° alanine
° aspartic acid
° citrulline
° cystine
° glutamic acid
° glycine
° proline
° hydroxyproline
° serine
° tyrosine
amino acids which are never found as constituents of proteins but which either play metabolic roles occur as natural products.
non protein amino acids
amino acid which is present in a protein in the least amount in relation to be animal’s need.
limiting amino acid
livestock in definite proportions requires the essential amino acids.
limiting amino acid
the limiting amino acid of corn
lysine
can be considered under four basic heading: primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure.
Structure of proteins
4 Structure of Proteins
- Primary structure
- Secondary structure
- Tertiary structure
- Quaternary structure
structure that proteins are built up from amino acids means of a linkage between the a-carboxyl of one amino acid
primary structure
refers to the sequence of amino acid along the polypeptide chains of protein.
primary structure
structure that peptide chain exist in the form of a right-handed-helix.
secondary structure
structure which describes how the chains of the secondary structure further interact through the R-groups of amino acid residues.
Tertiary structure
structure that contain more than one polypeptide chain
quaternary structure
what are the classification of proteins?
I. Fibrous Proteins
II. Globular Proteins
III. Conjugated Proteins
IV. Derived Proteins