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biochem lec > protein functions, amino acids, peptide bonds > Flashcards

protein functions, amino acids, peptide bonds Flashcards

1
Q

actin and myosin

A

contractile proteins

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2
Q

immunoglobulins, thrombin, fibrinogen, snake venom

A

defense proteins

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3
Q

peptidase and esterase

A

enzymes

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4
Q

insulin, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, enkephaline, dopamine

A

regulatory proteins

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5
Q

seed protein, ovalbumin, casein, ferritin

A

storage proteins

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6
Q

a-keratin, collagen, fibrin, elastin

A

structural proteins

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7
Q

hemoglobin, lipoprotein, integral protein

A

transport proteins

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8
Q

______ are polymeric substance composed of many amino acids linked together in a __________

A

proteins; unique sequence

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9
Q

_______ is determined by the unique sequence of amino acid units in the protein and its structural organization

A

function of a protein

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10
Q

proteins are major class of food needed for what?

A

growth and maintenance

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11
Q

proteins can function as _________ and _______

A

structural materials and enzymes

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12
Q

peptide chains having amino acids but no other nonprotein components

A

simple protein

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13
Q

peptide chains having amino acids and other nonprotein components

A

conjugated protein

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14
Q

lipoproteins, glycoproteins, phosphoproteins, hemoproteins

A

conjugated proteins

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15
Q

an amino acid is any molecule with at least one ____ and one ____

A

carboxyl (COOH) group and amino (NH2) group

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16
Q

the amino group must be on the carbon ____ to the -COOH to be classified as an _-amino acid

A

adjacent; alpha

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17
Q

r groups of nonpolar

A

alkyl, aromatic (automatically neutral)

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18
Q

r groups of polar

A

amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, s-containing (acid, base, neutral)

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19
Q

four parts of an amino acid

A

amino (NH2-) group, a-carbon, R-variable side chain, carboxyl (-COOH) group

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20
Q

variable R group can contain what groups?

A

alkyl, aromatic, hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), cafrboxyl (-COOH), S-containing groups

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21
Q

formula for alkyl group

A

CnH2n+1

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22
Q

amino acids can also be classified by the number of relative ____ and ______ groups as acidic, basic, neutral

A

amino and carboxyl

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23
Q

how to determine if acidic, basic, or neutral

A

acidic (COOH > NH2 groups)
basic (COOH < NH2 groups)
neutral (COOH = NH2 groups)

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24
Q

what are the two acidic amino acids?

A

asp (aspartic acid) and glu (glutamic acid)

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25
what are the three polar basic amino acids?
lys (lysine), arg (arginine), his (histidine)
26
required to maintain good health
essential amino acids
27
cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied from dietary protein
essential amino acids
28
how many essential amino acids?
ten (10)
29
enumerate the essential amino acids
tingnan mo na lang yung table na provided, yung mga naka-cross
30
either complete or incomplete based on the presence or absence of the ten essential amino acids
dietary proteins
31
supplies all the essential amino acids
complete dietary protein
32
deficient in one or more essential amino acids
incomplete dietary protein
33
why is corn an incomplete dietary protein?
it doesnt have lysine
34
are carbon atoms that are attached to ____ different substituents that are placed at the corners of a tetrahedron
chiral carbon centers; four
35
the alpha carbon of all amino acids is chiral
true (except glycine)
36
NH2 - CH (CH3) - COOH
L-(+)-alanine
37
COOH - CH (CH3) - NH2
D-(-)-alanine
38
proteins consist only of this isomer
L-amino acids
39
the (-) and (+) signs indicate the direction of each isomer rotates the ___________
plane-polarized light
40
amino acids are ____ which mean they can react as an acid or base
amphoteric
41
amino acids exist in neutral solutions as _______
zwitterions
42
a zwitterion is a _________ formed by internal transfer of a _____ from a -COOH group to a -NH2 group
dipolar ion, proton
43
zwitterions and other prortein molecules act as ______ to maintain the blood pH at ___
buffers; 7.4
44
an amino acid in solution can have either an ___ or ___ number of positive and negative charges
equal or unequal
45
ratio of electrical charges is ___
pH dependent
46
when the ratio of positive to negative charges of an amino acid is one, the molecule is electrically _______ and does not migrate to the cathode or anode of an electrolytic cell
neutral
47
pH where amino acid is electrically neutral is what?
isoelectric point
48
a ______ is an amide bond that is formed when a –COOH group of one amino acid reacts with the a-amino group (-NH2 ) of a different amino acid
peptide bond or peptide linkage
49
start codon
AUG
50
stop codon
UAG, UAA, UGA
51
a _______ is a molecule that contains two or more amino acid residues linked together by ________
peptide; peptide bond/linkage
52
the type of peptide is often referred to by the _____ of residues in the chain or as a _____ if the number of residues is less than 40-50 units
number; polypeptide
53
two residues, three residues, four residues, etc.
dipeptide, tripeptide, tetrapeptide
54
a __________ will have one end with a free –NH2 group and another end with a free –COOH group
linear peptide
55
The end of the polypeptide chain with the –NH2 group is called the ______ while the end with the –COOH group is called the ________
N-terminal residue and C-terminal residue
56
if the sequence is not know, what do we place?
parentheses
57
peptides are named as _______ of the C-terminal amino acid and the C-terminal amino acid retains its complete name
acyl derivatives
58
the specific biological action of a polypeptide is controlled by the _________ and __________
length of the polypeptide chain and the amino acid sequence
59
many naturally occurring polypeptides like oxytocin and vasopressin act as _____
hormones
60
pain producing agent
substance p
61
relieves pain, produces sense of well-being
enkephalin
62
increases blood pressure
vasopressin
63
childbirth labor, milk release, affects kidney excretion
oxytocin
64
cause wakefulness
orexin
65
acts as a morphine-like analgesic
endomorphin
66
stimulates eating
neuropeptide Y
67
brain memory function
neurotensin
68
modulates pain sensations
neuropeptide FF
69
maintains water balance and blood pressure
angiotensin II
70
affects tissue inflamation and blood pressure
bradykinin

biochem lec (5 decks)

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