Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biochem lec > protein functions, amino acids, peptide bonds > Flashcards

protein functions, amino acids, peptide bonds Flashcards

1
Q

actin and myosin

A

contractile proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

immunoglobulins, thrombin, fibrinogen, snake venom

A

defense proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

peptidase and esterase

A

enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

insulin, parathyroid hormone, growth hormone, enkephaline, dopamine

A

regulatory proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

seed protein, ovalbumin, casein, ferritin

A

storage proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a-keratin, collagen, fibrin, elastin

A

structural proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hemoglobin, lipoprotein, integral protein

A

transport proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

______ are polymeric substance composed of many amino acids linked together in a __________

A

proteins; unique sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_______ is determined by the unique sequence of amino acid units in the protein and its structural organization

A

function of a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

proteins are major class of food needed for what?

A

growth and maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

proteins can function as _________ and _______

A

structural materials and enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

peptide chains having amino acids but no other nonprotein components

A

simple protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

peptide chains having amino acids and other nonprotein components

A

conjugated protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

lipoproteins, glycoproteins, phosphoproteins, hemoproteins

A

conjugated proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

an amino acid is any molecule with at least one ____ and one ____

A

carboxyl (COOH) group and amino (NH2) group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the amino group must be on the carbon ____ to the -COOH to be classified as an _-amino acid

A

adjacent; alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

r groups of nonpolar

A

alkyl, aromatic (automatically neutral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

r groups of polar

A

amino, hydroxyl, carboxyl, s-containing (acid, base, neutral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

four parts of an amino acid

A

amino (NH2-) group, a-carbon, R-variable side chain, carboxyl (-COOH) group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

variable R group can contain what groups?

A

alkyl, aromatic, hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), cafrboxyl (-COOH), S-containing groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

formula for alkyl group

A

CnH2n+1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

amino acids can also be classified by the number of relative ____ and ______ groups as acidic, basic, neutral

A

amino and carboxyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how to determine if acidic, basic, or neutral

A

acidic (COOH > NH2 groups)
basic (COOH < NH2 groups)
neutral (COOH = NH2 groups)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the two acidic amino acids?

A

asp (aspartic acid) and glu (glutamic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the three polar basic amino acids?

A

lys (lysine), arg (arginine), his (histidine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

required to maintain good health

A

essential amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied from dietary protein

A

essential amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how many essential amino acids?

A

ten (10)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

enumerate the essential amino acids

A

tingnan mo na lang yung table na provided, yung mga naka-cross

30
Q

either complete or incomplete based on the presence or absence of the ten essential amino acids

A

dietary proteins

31
Q

supplies all the essential amino acids

A

complete dietary protein

32
Q

deficient in one or more essential amino acids

A

incomplete dietary protein

33
Q

why is corn an incomplete dietary protein?

A

it doesnt have lysine

34
Q

are carbon atoms that are attached to ____ different substituents that are placed at the corners of a tetrahedron

A

chiral carbon centers; four

35
Q

the alpha carbon of all amino acids is chiral

A

true (except glycine)

36
Q

NH2 - CH (CH3) - COOH

A

L-(+)-alanine

37
Q

COOH - CH (CH3) - NH2

A

D-(-)-alanine

38
Q

proteins consist only of this isomer

A

L-amino acids

39
Q

the (-) and (+) signs indicate the direction of each isomer rotates the ___________

A

plane-polarized light

40
Q

amino acids are ____ which mean they can react as an acid or base

A

amphoteric

41
Q

amino acids exist in neutral solutions as _______

A

zwitterions

42
Q

a zwitterion is a _________ formed by internal transfer of a _____ from a -COOH group to a -NH2 group

A

dipolar ion, proton

43
Q

zwitterions and other prortein molecules act as ______ to maintain the blood pH at ___

A

buffers; 7.4

44
Q

an amino acid in solution can have either an ___ or ___ number of positive and negative charges

A

equal or unequal

45
Q

ratio of electrical charges is ___

A

pH dependent

46
Q

when the ratio of positive to negative charges of an amino acid is one, the molecule is electrically _______ and does not migrate to the cathode or anode of an electrolytic cell

A

neutral

47
Q

pH where amino acid is electrically neutral is what?

A

isoelectric point

48
Q

a ______ is an amide bond that is formed when a –COOH group of one amino acid reacts with the a-amino group (-NH2 ) of a different amino acid

A

peptide bond or peptide linkage

49
Q

start codon

A

AUG

50
Q

stop codon

A

UAG, UAA, UGA

51
Q

a _______ is a molecule that contains two or more amino acid residues linked together by ________

A

peptide; peptide bond/linkage

52
Q

the type of peptide is often referred to by the _____ of residues in the chain or as a _____ if the number of residues is less than 40-50 units

A

number; polypeptide

53
Q

two residues, three residues, four residues, etc.

A

dipeptide, tripeptide, tetrapeptide

54
Q

a __________ will have one end with a free –NH2 group and another end with a free –COOH group

A

linear peptide

55
Q

The end of the polypeptide chain with the –NH2 group is called the ______ while the end with the –COOH group is called the ________

A

N-terminal residue and C-terminal residue

56
Q

if the sequence is not know, what do we place?

A

parentheses

57
Q

peptides are named as _______ of the C-terminal amino acid and the C-terminal amino acid retains its complete name

A

acyl derivatives

58
Q

the specific biological action of a polypeptide is controlled by the _________ and __________

A

length of the polypeptide chain and the amino acid sequence

59
Q

many naturally occurring polypeptides like oxytocin and vasopressin act as _____

A

hormones

60
Q

pain producing agent

A

substance p

61
Q

relieves pain, produces sense of well-being

A

enkephalin

62
Q

increases blood pressure

A

vasopressin

63
Q

childbirth labor, milk release, affects kidney excretion

A

oxytocin

64
Q

cause wakefulness

A

orexin

65
Q

acts as a morphine-like analgesic

A

endomorphin

66
Q

stimulates eating

A

neuropeptide Y

67
Q

brain memory function

A

neurotensin

68
Q

modulates pain sensations

A

neuropeptide FF

69
Q

maintains water balance and blood pressure

A

angiotensin II

70
Q

affects tissue inflamation and blood pressure

A

bradykinin

biochem lec (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions